diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'arch/s390/mm')
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/s390/mm/gmap.c | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/s390/mm/init.c | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/s390/mm/page-states.c | 213 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/s390/mm/pgalloc.c | 296 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/s390/mm/vmem.c | 4 |
5 files changed, 40 insertions, 481 deletions
diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c index 20786f6883b2..6f96b5a71c63 100644 --- a/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c +++ b/arch/s390/mm/gmap.c @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ #include <linux/ksm.h> #include <linux/mman.h> #include <linux/pgtable.h> - +#include <asm/page-states.h> #include <asm/pgalloc.h> #include <asm/gmap.h> #include <asm/page.h> @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ static struct page *gmap_alloc_crst(void) page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT, CRST_ALLOC_ORDER); if (!page) return NULL; - arch_set_page_dat(page, CRST_ALLOC_ORDER); + __arch_set_page_dat(page_to_virt(page), 1UL << CRST_ALLOC_ORDER); return page; } diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/init.c b/arch/s390/mm/init.c index 7eca10c32caa..43e612bc2bcd 100644 --- a/arch/s390/mm/init.c +++ b/arch/s390/mm/init.c @@ -164,14 +164,10 @@ void __init mem_init(void) pv_init(); kfence_split_mapping(); - /* Setup guest page hinting */ - cmma_init(); /* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */ memblock_free_all(); setup_zero_pages(); /* Setup zeroed pages. */ - - cmma_init_nodat(); } void free_initmem(void) diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/page-states.c b/arch/s390/mm/page-states.c index a31acb2c4ef2..01f9b39e65f5 100644 --- a/arch/s390/mm/page-states.c +++ b/arch/s390/mm/page-states.c @@ -7,212 +7,18 @@ * Author(s): Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> */ -#include <linux/kernel.h> -#include <linux/errno.h> -#include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/mm.h> -#include <linux/memblock.h> -#include <linux/gfp.h> -#include <linux/init.h> -#include <asm/asm-extable.h> -#include <asm/facility.h> #include <asm/page-states.h> +#include <asm/sections.h> +#include <asm/page.h> -static int cmma_flag = 1; - -static int __init cmma(char *str) -{ - bool enabled; - - if (!kstrtobool(str, &enabled)) - cmma_flag = enabled; - return 1; -} -__setup("cmma=", cmma); - -static inline int cmma_test_essa(void) -{ - unsigned long tmp = 0; - int rc = -EOPNOTSUPP; - - /* test ESSA_GET_STATE */ - asm volatile( - " .insn rrf,0xb9ab0000,%[tmp],%[tmp],%[cmd],0\n" - "0: la %[rc],0\n" - "1:\n" - EX_TABLE(0b,1b) - : [rc] "+&d" (rc), [tmp] "+&d" (tmp) - : [cmd] "i" (ESSA_GET_STATE)); - return rc; -} - -void __init cmma_init(void) -{ - if (!cmma_flag) - return; - if (cmma_test_essa()) { - cmma_flag = 0; - return; - } - if (test_facility(147)) - cmma_flag = 2; -} - -static inline void set_page_unused(struct page *page, int order) -{ - int i, rc; - - for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) - asm volatile(".insn rrf,0xb9ab0000,%0,%1,%2,0" - : "=&d" (rc) - : "a" (page_to_phys(page + i)), - "i" (ESSA_SET_UNUSED)); -} - -static inline void set_page_stable_dat(struct page *page, int order) -{ - int i, rc; - - for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) - asm volatile(".insn rrf,0xb9ab0000,%0,%1,%2,0" - : "=&d" (rc) - : "a" (page_to_phys(page + i)), - "i" (ESSA_SET_STABLE)); -} - -static inline void set_page_stable_nodat(struct page *page, int order) -{ - int i, rc; - - for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) - asm volatile(".insn rrf,0xb9ab0000,%0,%1,%2,0" - : "=&d" (rc) - : "a" (page_to_phys(page + i)), - "i" (ESSA_SET_STABLE_NODAT)); -} - -static void mark_kernel_pmd(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end) -{ - unsigned long next; - struct page *page; - pmd_t *pmd; - - pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr); - do { - next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end); - if (pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_large(*pmd)) - continue; - page = phys_to_page(pmd_val(*pmd)); - set_bit(PG_arch_1, &page->flags); - } while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end); -} - -static void mark_kernel_pud(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end) -{ - unsigned long next; - struct page *page; - pud_t *pud; - int i; - - pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr); - do { - next = pud_addr_end(addr, end); - if (pud_none(*pud) || pud_large(*pud)) - continue; - if (!pud_folded(*pud)) { - page = phys_to_page(pud_val(*pud)); - for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) - set_bit(PG_arch_1, &page[i].flags); - } - mark_kernel_pmd(pud, addr, next); - } while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end); -} - -static void mark_kernel_p4d(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end) -{ - unsigned long next; - struct page *page; - p4d_t *p4d; - int i; - - p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr); - do { - next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end); - if (p4d_none(*p4d)) - continue; - if (!p4d_folded(*p4d)) { - page = phys_to_page(p4d_val(*p4d)); - for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) - set_bit(PG_arch_1, &page[i].flags); - } - mark_kernel_pud(p4d, addr, next); - } while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end); -} - -static void mark_kernel_pgd(void) -{ - unsigned long addr, next, max_addr; - struct page *page; - pgd_t *pgd; - int i; - - addr = 0; - /* - * Figure out maximum virtual address accessible with the - * kernel ASCE. This is required to keep the page table walker - * from accessing non-existent entries. - */ - max_addr = (S390_lowcore.kernel_asce.val & _ASCE_TYPE_MASK) >> 2; - max_addr = 1UL << (max_addr * 11 + 31); - pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr); - do { - next = pgd_addr_end(addr, max_addr); - if (pgd_none(*pgd)) - continue; - if (!pgd_folded(*pgd)) { - page = phys_to_page(pgd_val(*pgd)); - for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) - set_bit(PG_arch_1, &page[i].flags); - } - mark_kernel_p4d(pgd, addr, next); - } while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != max_addr); -} - -void __init cmma_init_nodat(void) -{ - struct page *page; - unsigned long start, end, ix; - int i; - - if (cmma_flag < 2) - return; - /* Mark pages used in kernel page tables */ - mark_kernel_pgd(); - page = virt_to_page(&swapper_pg_dir); - for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) - set_bit(PG_arch_1, &page[i].flags); - page = virt_to_page(&invalid_pg_dir); - for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) - set_bit(PG_arch_1, &page[i].flags); - - /* Set all kernel pages not used for page tables to stable/no-dat */ - for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, MAX_NUMNODES, &start, &end, NULL) { - page = pfn_to_page(start); - for (ix = start; ix < end; ix++, page++) { - if (__test_and_clear_bit(PG_arch_1, &page->flags)) - continue; /* skip page table pages */ - if (!list_empty(&page->lru)) - continue; /* skip free pages */ - set_page_stable_nodat(page, 0); - } - } -} +int __bootdata_preserved(cmma_flag); void arch_free_page(struct page *page, int order) { if (!cmma_flag) return; - set_page_unused(page, order); + __set_page_unused(page_to_virt(page), 1UL << order); } void arch_alloc_page(struct page *page, int order) @@ -220,14 +26,7 @@ void arch_alloc_page(struct page *page, int order) if (!cmma_flag) return; if (cmma_flag < 2) - set_page_stable_dat(page, order); + __set_page_stable_dat(page_to_virt(page), 1UL << order); else - set_page_stable_nodat(page, order); -} - -void arch_set_page_dat(struct page *page, int order) -{ - if (!cmma_flag) - return; - set_page_stable_dat(page, order); + __set_page_stable_nodat(page_to_virt(page), 1UL << order); } diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/pgalloc.c b/arch/s390/mm/pgalloc.c index 5488ae17318e..008e487c94a6 100644 --- a/arch/s390/mm/pgalloc.c +++ b/arch/s390/mm/pgalloc.c @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <asm/mmu_context.h> +#include <asm/page-states.h> #include <asm/pgalloc.h> #include <asm/gmap.h> #include <asm/tlb.h> @@ -43,11 +44,13 @@ __initcall(page_table_register_sysctl); unsigned long *crst_table_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm) { struct ptdesc *ptdesc = pagetable_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, CRST_ALLOC_ORDER); + unsigned long *table; if (!ptdesc) return NULL; - arch_set_page_dat(ptdesc_page(ptdesc), CRST_ALLOC_ORDER); - return (unsigned long *) ptdesc_to_virt(ptdesc); + table = ptdesc_to_virt(ptdesc); + __arch_set_page_dat(table, 1UL << CRST_ALLOC_ORDER); + return table; } void crst_table_free(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long *table) @@ -130,11 +133,6 @@ err_p4d: return -ENOMEM; } -static inline unsigned int atomic_xor_bits(atomic_t *v, unsigned int bits) -{ - return atomic_fetch_xor(bits, v) ^ bits; -} - #ifdef CONFIG_PGSTE struct page *page_table_alloc_pgste(struct mm_struct *mm) @@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ struct page *page_table_alloc_pgste(struct mm_struct *mm) ptdesc = pagetable_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, 0); if (ptdesc) { table = (u64 *)ptdesc_to_virt(ptdesc); - arch_set_page_dat(virt_to_page(table), 0); + __arch_set_page_dat(table, 1); memset64(table, _PAGE_INVALID, PTRS_PER_PTE); memset64(table + PTRS_PER_PTE, 0, PTRS_PER_PTE); } @@ -159,125 +157,11 @@ void page_table_free_pgste(struct page *page) #endif /* CONFIG_PGSTE */ -/* - * A 2KB-pgtable is either upper or lower half of a normal page. - * The second half of the page may be unused or used as another - * 2KB-pgtable. - * - * Whenever possible the parent page for a new 2KB-pgtable is picked - * from the list of partially allocated pages mm_context_t::pgtable_list. - * In case the list is empty a new parent page is allocated and added to - * the list. - * - * When a parent page gets fully allocated it contains 2KB-pgtables in both - * upper and lower halves and is removed from mm_context_t::pgtable_list. - * - * When 2KB-pgtable is freed from to fully allocated parent page that - * page turns partially allocated and added to mm_context_t::pgtable_list. - * - * If 2KB-pgtable is freed from the partially allocated parent page that - * page turns unused and gets removed from mm_context_t::pgtable_list. - * Furthermore, the unused parent page is released. - * - * As follows from the above, no unallocated or fully allocated parent - * pages are contained in mm_context_t::pgtable_list. - * - * The upper byte (bits 24-31) of the parent page _refcount is used - * for tracking contained 2KB-pgtables and has the following format: - * - * PP AA - * 01234567 upper byte (bits 24-31) of struct page::_refcount - * || || - * || |+--- upper 2KB-pgtable is allocated - * || +---- lower 2KB-pgtable is allocated - * |+------- upper 2KB-pgtable is pending for removal - * +-------- lower 2KB-pgtable is pending for removal - * - * (See commit 620b4e903179 ("s390: use _refcount for pgtables") on why - * using _refcount is possible). - * - * When 2KB-pgtable is allocated the corresponding AA bit is set to 1. - * The parent page is either: - * - added to mm_context_t::pgtable_list in case the second half of the - * parent page is still unallocated; - * - removed from mm_context_t::pgtable_list in case both hales of the - * parent page are allocated; - * These operations are protected with mm_context_t::lock. - * - * When 2KB-pgtable is deallocated the corresponding AA bit is set to 0 - * and the corresponding PP bit is set to 1 in a single atomic operation. - * Thus, PP and AA bits corresponding to the same 2KB-pgtable are mutually - * exclusive and may never be both set to 1! - * The parent page is either: - * - added to mm_context_t::pgtable_list in case the second half of the - * parent page is still allocated; - * - removed from mm_context_t::pgtable_list in case the second half of - * the parent page is unallocated; - * These operations are protected with mm_context_t::lock. - * - * It is important to understand that mm_context_t::lock only protects - * mm_context_t::pgtable_list and AA bits, but not the parent page itself - * and PP bits. - * - * Releasing the parent page happens whenever the PP bit turns from 1 to 0, - * while both AA bits and the second PP bit are already unset. Then the - * parent page does not contain any 2KB-pgtable fragment anymore, and it has - * also been removed from mm_context_t::pgtable_list. It is safe to release - * the page therefore. - * - * PGSTE memory spaces use full 4KB-pgtables and do not need most of the - * logic described above. Both AA bits are set to 1 to denote a 4KB-pgtable - * while the PP bits are never used, nor such a page is added to or removed - * from mm_context_t::pgtable_list. - * - * pte_free_defer() overrides those rules: it takes the page off pgtable_list, - * and prevents both 2K fragments from being reused. pte_free_defer() has to - * guarantee that its pgtable cannot be reused before the RCU grace period - * has elapsed (which page_table_free_rcu() does not actually guarantee). - * But for simplicity, because page->rcu_head overlays page->lru, and because - * the RCU callback might not be called before the mm_context_t has been freed, - * pte_free_defer() in this implementation prevents both fragments from being - * reused, and delays making the call to RCU until both fragments are freed. - */ unsigned long *page_table_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm) { - unsigned long *table; struct ptdesc *ptdesc; - unsigned int mask, bit; - - /* Try to get a fragment of a 4K page as a 2K page table */ - if (!mm_alloc_pgste(mm)) { - table = NULL; - spin_lock_bh(&mm->context.lock); - if (!list_empty(&mm->context.pgtable_list)) { - ptdesc = list_first_entry(&mm->context.pgtable_list, - struct ptdesc, pt_list); - mask = atomic_read(&ptdesc->_refcount) >> 24; - /* - * The pending removal bits must also be checked. - * Failure to do so might lead to an impossible - * value of (i.e 0x13 or 0x23) written to _refcount. - * Such values violate the assumption that pending and - * allocation bits are mutually exclusive, and the rest - * of the code unrails as result. That could lead to - * a whole bunch of races and corruptions. - */ - mask = (mask | (mask >> 4)) & 0x03U; - if (mask != 0x03U) { - table = (unsigned long *) ptdesc_to_virt(ptdesc); - bit = mask & 1; /* =1 -> second 2K */ - if (bit) - table += PTRS_PER_PTE; - atomic_xor_bits(&ptdesc->_refcount, - 0x01U << (bit + 24)); - list_del_init(&ptdesc->pt_list); - } - } - spin_unlock_bh(&mm->context.lock); - if (table) - return table; - } - /* Allocate a fresh page */ + unsigned long *table; + ptdesc = pagetable_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, 0); if (!ptdesc) return NULL; @@ -285,177 +169,57 @@ unsigned long *page_table_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm) pagetable_free(ptdesc); return NULL; } - arch_set_page_dat(ptdesc_page(ptdesc), 0); - /* Initialize page table */ - table = (unsigned long *) ptdesc_to_virt(ptdesc); - if (mm_alloc_pgste(mm)) { - /* Return 4K page table with PGSTEs */ - INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ptdesc->pt_list); - atomic_xor_bits(&ptdesc->_refcount, 0x03U << 24); - memset64((u64 *)table, _PAGE_INVALID, PTRS_PER_PTE); - memset64((u64 *)table + PTRS_PER_PTE, 0, PTRS_PER_PTE); - } else { - /* Return the first 2K fragment of the page */ - atomic_xor_bits(&ptdesc->_refcount, 0x01U << 24); - memset64((u64 *)table, _PAGE_INVALID, 2 * PTRS_PER_PTE); - spin_lock_bh(&mm->context.lock); - list_add(&ptdesc->pt_list, &mm->context.pgtable_list); - spin_unlock_bh(&mm->context.lock); - } + table = ptdesc_to_virt(ptdesc); + __arch_set_page_dat(table, 1); + /* pt_list is used by gmap only */ + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ptdesc->pt_list); + memset64((u64 *)table, _PAGE_INVALID, PTRS_PER_PTE); + memset64((u64 *)table + PTRS_PER_PTE, 0, PTRS_PER_PTE); return table; } -static void page_table_release_check(struct page *page, void *table, - unsigned int half, unsigned int mask) +static void pagetable_pte_dtor_free(struct ptdesc *ptdesc) { - char msg[128]; - - if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM)) - return; - if (!mask && list_empty(&page->lru)) - return; - snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), - "Invalid pgtable %p release half 0x%02x mask 0x%02x", - table, half, mask); - dump_page(page, msg); -} - -static void pte_free_now(struct rcu_head *head) -{ - struct ptdesc *ptdesc; - - ptdesc = container_of(head, struct ptdesc, pt_rcu_head); pagetable_pte_dtor(ptdesc); pagetable_free(ptdesc); } void page_table_free(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long *table) { - unsigned int mask, bit, half; struct ptdesc *ptdesc = virt_to_ptdesc(table); - if (!mm_alloc_pgste(mm)) { - /* Free 2K page table fragment of a 4K page */ - bit = ((unsigned long) table & ~PAGE_MASK)/(PTRS_PER_PTE*sizeof(pte_t)); - spin_lock_bh(&mm->context.lock); - /* - * Mark the page for delayed release. The actual release - * will happen outside of the critical section from this - * function or from __tlb_remove_table() - */ - mask = atomic_xor_bits(&ptdesc->_refcount, 0x11U << (bit + 24)); - mask >>= 24; - if ((mask & 0x03U) && !folio_test_active(ptdesc_folio(ptdesc))) { - /* - * Other half is allocated, and neither half has had - * its free deferred: add page to head of list, to make - * this freed half available for immediate reuse. - */ - list_add(&ptdesc->pt_list, &mm->context.pgtable_list); - } else { - /* If page is on list, now remove it. */ - list_del_init(&ptdesc->pt_list); - } - spin_unlock_bh(&mm->context.lock); - mask = atomic_xor_bits(&ptdesc->_refcount, 0x10U << (bit + 24)); - mask >>= 24; - if (mask != 0x00U) - return; - half = 0x01U << bit; - } else { - half = 0x03U; - mask = atomic_xor_bits(&ptdesc->_refcount, 0x03U << 24); - mask >>= 24; - } - - page_table_release_check(ptdesc_page(ptdesc), table, half, mask); - if (folio_test_clear_active(ptdesc_folio(ptdesc))) - call_rcu(&ptdesc->pt_rcu_head, pte_free_now); - else - pte_free_now(&ptdesc->pt_rcu_head); + pagetable_pte_dtor_free(ptdesc); } -void page_table_free_rcu(struct mmu_gather *tlb, unsigned long *table, - unsigned long vmaddr) +void __tlb_remove_table(void *table) { - struct mm_struct *mm; - unsigned int bit, mask; struct ptdesc *ptdesc = virt_to_ptdesc(table); + struct page *page = ptdesc_page(ptdesc); - mm = tlb->mm; - if (mm_alloc_pgste(mm)) { - gmap_unlink(mm, table, vmaddr); - table = (unsigned long *) ((unsigned long)table | 0x03U); - tlb_remove_ptdesc(tlb, table); + if (compound_order(page) == CRST_ALLOC_ORDER) { + /* pmd, pud, or p4d */ + pagetable_free(ptdesc); return; } - bit = ((unsigned long) table & ~PAGE_MASK) / (PTRS_PER_PTE*sizeof(pte_t)); - spin_lock_bh(&mm->context.lock); - /* - * Mark the page for delayed release. The actual release will happen - * outside of the critical section from __tlb_remove_table() or from - * page_table_free() - */ - mask = atomic_xor_bits(&ptdesc->_refcount, 0x11U << (bit + 24)); - mask >>= 24; - if ((mask & 0x03U) && !folio_test_active(ptdesc_folio(ptdesc))) { - /* - * Other half is allocated, and neither half has had - * its free deferred: add page to end of list, to make - * this freed half available for reuse once its pending - * bit has been cleared by __tlb_remove_table(). - */ - list_add_tail(&ptdesc->pt_list, &mm->context.pgtable_list); - } else { - /* If page is on list, now remove it. */ - list_del_init(&ptdesc->pt_list); - } - spin_unlock_bh(&mm->context.lock); - table = (unsigned long *) ((unsigned long) table | (0x01U << bit)); - tlb_remove_table(tlb, table); + pagetable_pte_dtor_free(ptdesc); } -void __tlb_remove_table(void *_table) +#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE +static void pte_free_now(struct rcu_head *head) { - unsigned int mask = (unsigned long) _table & 0x03U, half = mask; - void *table = (void *)((unsigned long) _table ^ mask); - struct ptdesc *ptdesc = virt_to_ptdesc(table); + struct ptdesc *ptdesc = container_of(head, struct ptdesc, pt_rcu_head); - switch (half) { - case 0x00U: /* pmd, pud, or p4d */ - pagetable_free(ptdesc); - return; - case 0x01U: /* lower 2K of a 4K page table */ - case 0x02U: /* higher 2K of a 4K page table */ - mask = atomic_xor_bits(&ptdesc->_refcount, mask << (4 + 24)); - mask >>= 24; - if (mask != 0x00U) - return; - break; - case 0x03U: /* 4K page table with pgstes */ - mask = atomic_xor_bits(&ptdesc->_refcount, 0x03U << 24); - mask >>= 24; - break; - } - - page_table_release_check(ptdesc_page(ptdesc), table, half, mask); - if (folio_test_clear_active(ptdesc_folio(ptdesc))) - call_rcu(&ptdesc->pt_rcu_head, pte_free_now); - else - pte_free_now(&ptdesc->pt_rcu_head); + pagetable_pte_dtor_free(ptdesc); } -#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE void pte_free_defer(struct mm_struct *mm, pgtable_t pgtable) { - struct page *page; + struct ptdesc *ptdesc = virt_to_ptdesc(pgtable); - page = virt_to_page(pgtable); - SetPageActive(page); - page_table_free(mm, (unsigned long *)pgtable); + call_rcu(&ptdesc->pt_rcu_head, pte_free_now); /* - * page_table_free() does not do the pgste gmap_unlink() which - * page_table_free_rcu() does: warn us if pgste ever reaches here. + * THPs are not allowed for KVM guests. Warn if pgste ever reaches here. + * Turn to the generic pte_free_defer() version once gmap is removed. */ WARN_ON_ONCE(mm_has_pgste(mm)); } diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/vmem.c b/arch/s390/mm/vmem.c index 2e8a1064f103..186a020857cf 100644 --- a/arch/s390/mm/vmem.c +++ b/arch/s390/mm/vmem.c @@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ void *vmem_crst_alloc(unsigned long val) if (!table) return NULL; crst_table_init(table, val); - if (slab_is_available()) - arch_set_page_dat(virt_to_page(table), CRST_ALLOC_ORDER); + __arch_set_page_dat(table, 1UL << CRST_ALLOC_ORDER); return table; } @@ -67,6 +66,7 @@ pte_t __ref *vmem_pte_alloc(void) if (!pte) return NULL; memset64((u64 *)pte, _PAGE_INVALID, PTRS_PER_PTE); + __arch_set_page_dat(pte, 1); return pte; } |