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7 daysMerge tag 'trace-v7.4' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt: - Add "within" to filter logic Add a way to trace events by what function they fall in. echo 'within == "vfs_read" > events/sched/sched_switch/filter Will only trigger sched_switch events that happen within the vfs_read function. It uses a stacktrace at the event and checks if any entry is within the specified function and if so, it prints the event. - Remove a duplicate definition of ftrace_set_clr_event() from the header - Do not have ftrace_set_clr_event() modify its input buffer Have the buffer passed into ftrace_set_clr_event() to be const char * and not allow modifications to it that might cause side effects. - Add kunit tests for ftrace_parse_event_string() - Add filter argument to __ftrace_set_clr_event() Make it possible to set a filter on an event at the same time it is enabled. - Add event filtering logic to the kernel command line To allow filtering events on boot, allow filtering to be specified on the kernel command line when enabling events. - Rename "ring_buffer_size()" to "ring_buffer_capacity()" "size" refers to how much is allocated whereas the actual return value is the amount of available data in the ring buffer minus its meta data. - Rename "trace_array_entries" to "trace_array_capacity" There's several functions that use "entries" and returns the amount of data that that is usable. "entries" should be only for the number of events, not the amount of data. - Print the histogram "bucket" size as unsigned. If a bucket size is LONG_MAX, then it shows up as a negative number. - Show bucket size in output of histograms The output of what the histogram is shown doesn't show the size of the buckets when buckets are used. The output should be the same as the input and since specifying buckets without a size is an invalid command, the output to display what was entered should also show the size. - Fix stacktrace modifier output Only show the stacktrace modifier when it was specified in creation. - Unregister filed variable histograms when the command fails If one histogram references a variable of another histogram it registers that other histogram. But if the first histogram fails in setup after it registered the other histogram it doesn't unregister it. Have the first histogram add the reference to the other histogram so the failure clean up will unregister the second histogram too. - Fix 64-bit signed histogram fields on 32-bit kernels A fix to convert char * to u64 with added casting also incorrectly added an intermediate cast to convert a long value to u64 which ended up truncating the upper 32 bits for 32-bit kernels. Remove the intermediate typecast. - Print signed histogram keys as signed Histogram keys were being printed as unsigned and with signed keys it was giving the wrong output. - Use copy_from_user() and not __copy_from_user() in syscall tracing The syscall tracing incorrectly was using __copy_from_user() which could be an issue if the system trusts perf doing the trace. - Take trace_types_lock when recording a new module in persistent buffer When a new module is loaded, the persistent ring buffer saves it in its persistent memory. All the trace_arrays are iterated looking for any persistent buffer to add the module to. But it did not hold the trace_types_lock meaning a trace_array could be added or removed while iterating the list. - Only create tracepoint guest_halt_poll_ns when it is used The tracepoint guest_halt_poll_ns is defined in the power management code but it is only used when CONFIG_CPU_IDLE_GOV_HALTPOLL is enabled. This wastes memory when that config isn't enabled so wrap the tracepoint around that as well. - Handle empty fields for events in trace_event_get_offsets() The user events could have empty fields and this causes trace_event_get_offsets() to crash as it expects events to always have fields. Make the function handle events with no fields. - Reject incomplete event filter expressions If a filter has an incomplete expression (common_pid == 1111 || ), it will cause a out-of-bounds bug. Have the predicate_parse() only process the expression if it is complete. * tag 'trace-v7.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: (27 commits) tracing: Reject incomplete event filter expressions tracing: Guard trace_event_get_offsets() against an empty fields list cpuidle: haltpoll: Only define guest_halt_poll_ns tracepoint when used tracing/osnoise: Add __printf attribute to osnoise_print() tracing/histograms: Verify event_call identity when updating synth_event refcount tracing: Save the event file instead of the compatible histogram tracing: Hold trace_types_lock when resetting last boot data from readers tracing: Hold trace_types_lock when updating modules in persistent instances tracing/syscalls: Use copy_from_user for the faultable syscall buffer tracing: Print a signed histogram key as signed tracing: Fix 64-bit and signed histogram fields on 32-bit kernels tracing: Clamp the printed end of a histogram bucket at U64_MAX tracing: Unregister field variable histograms when the command fails tracing: Only report the stacktrace modifier on a real field tracing: Add the bucket size to expr_field_str() tracing: Print the bucket size as unsigned tracing: Rename tracing_entries_fops to tracing_capacity_fops tracing: Rename trace_array::entries to capacity ring-buffer: Rename ring_buffer_size() to ring_buffer_capacity() tracing: Parse filter from boot event string ...
11 daystracing: Reject incomplete event filter expressionsKyle Zeng
A non-empty expression normally finishes in predicate_parse()'s inner loop, which resolves the pending logical operators before jumping to finalization. If the input ends after an operator, possibly followed by unary '!' tokens, the outer loop instead falls through with unresolved operator state. For example, "common_pid == 1 || common_pid == 2 &&" leaves prog[0].target equal to -1. The second pass then reads prog[-1] before the forward-jump check can reject it. Depending on adjacent slab contents, it can also copy an out-of-bounds word into a branch target that passes the forward-only check. A self-targeted perf tracepoint counting event can reach this path through PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER. Reject the outer-loop fallthrough when a predicate has already been parsed. This ensures that non-empty expressions only reach finalization after the inner loop has resolved their operators. Keep the existing no-filter error for input that has no predicates. Add a regression test for trailing logical operators and unary negations. Fixes: 80765597bc587 ("tracing: Rewrite filter logic to be simpler and faster") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20261023174620.91969-1-kylebot@openai.com Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-6-astra Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Tested-by: JongHyuk Kim(MalHyuk) <malhyuk97@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Kyle Zeng <kylebot@openai.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
11 daysMerge tag 'probes-v7.4' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace Pull probes updates from Masami Hiramatsu: "Asynchronous optprobe optimizer and cleanups: - Make optprobe optimizer multi-generational and asynchronous Rework the optimizer as a state machine to avoid calling time-consuming synchronize_rcu_tasks() while holding kprobe_mutex, text_mutex, and cpus_read_lock(). Uses call_rcu_tasks() and a fixed ring of generation slots instead, so locks are only held during the brief instruction- patching window - Use DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE for the kprobes enabled knob Replace a hand-rolled debugfs read/write pair (dating from 2007) with the proper DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE macro, removing dead code and the stale XXX comment Code quality and documentation cleanups: - Add const qualifier to new_argv allocation type in trace_probe.c, preparing for the type-aware kmalloc_obj allocator conversion - Clarify btf_find_struct_member() container parameter Rename the misleading @member_type parameter to @container_type and add proper kernel-doc documentation for all parameters and return values Boot tracing test framework and testcases: - Add a generic boot tracing test framework under tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/boottime/ The test runner builds a minimal initramfs with busybox, boots QEMU, and runs tracefs checker scripts, supporting bootconfig, kernel command-line options, and multi-boot crash/reboot scenarios - Add boot-time tracing testcases Verify dynamic kprobe, synthetic events, eprobe, fprobe, tprobe, and trace instance creation via bootconfig - Add kernel cmdline tracing testcases Verify ftrace, trace_event, trace_buf_size, trace_options, trace_clock, and trace_instance kernel parameters - Add persistent ring buffer testcases: Verify memory reservation via reserve_mem= and trace data retention across guest crash/reboot, as well as backup instance creation and boot log preservation - Change non-unique test symbol from name_show to init_once in kprobe_non_uniq_symbol.tc for more reliable cross-architecture testing" * tag 'probes-v7.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: ftrace/selftests: Change non-unique test symbol to init_once tracing/probes: Clarify btf_find_struct_member() container parameter and add kernel-doc kprobes: Make optprobe optimizer multi-generational and asynchronous tracing/probes: Add const to new_argv allocation type kprobes: use DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE for the enabled knob selftests/ftrace: Add persistent ring buffer testcases selftests/ftrace: Add kernel cmdline tracing testcases selftests/ftrace: Add boot-time tracing testcases selftests/ftrace: Add generic boot tracing test framework
13 daysMerge tag 'linux_kselftest-next-7.4-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest Pull kselftest updates from Shuah Khan: - Improve selftest build, run-time, and install framework Install even when some modules fail to build, print summary of test results at the end of the default test run, keep the build status from wrapping to success so build errors are reported, and optionally record per-suite build and install results. - Add LLVM support to kselftest_deps.sh - Fix resctrl, breakpoints suspend, ftrace, and tracing tests - Fix and enhance resctrl test * tag 'linux_kselftest-next-7.4-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest: selftests: breakpoints: Skip step_after_suspend_test on systems without a wakeup capable RTC selftests: optionally record per-suite build and install results selftests: keep the build status from wrapping to success selftests/ftrace: Add nice dependency selftests: kselftest_deps.sh: Support LLVM selftests: lib.mk: Don't fail install if no modules were built selftests/ftrace: Avoid unlink error on first run tracing/selftests: Fix incorrect invocation of exit_fail selftests/lib.mk: run_tests: print summary at the end selftests/ftrace: skip gcov symbols when picking a function to probe selftests/resctrl: Enable dynamic management of IMC counters via linked list selftests/resctrl: Replace counter index references with pointers selftests/resctrl: Introduce linked list management for IMC counters selftests/resctrl: Skip L3_CAT when no exclusive cache portion exists
2026-10-15selftests/ftrace: Add nice dependencyJaewon Jung
The tests use nice but do not list it as a requirement. Add nice to the requirements so the tests are unresolved, not failed, when it is not available. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20261015022416.43534-1-jaewon8868@gmail.com` Signed-off-by: Jaewon Jung <jaewon8868@gmail.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-10-15selftests/ftrace: Avoid unlink error on first runJaewon Jung
On the first run, ftracetest tries to unlink a symlink that does not exist. Use rm -f to avoid the "No such file or directory" error. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20261014114839.6258-1-jaewon8868@gmail.com Fixes: 7dc1e125f07a ("ftrace/selftests: Add softlink to latest log directory") Signed-off-by: Jaewon Jung <jaewon8868@gmail.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-10-15tracing/selftests: Fix incorrect invocation of exit_failWoradorn Laodhanadhaworn
Replace all `exit fail` and `exit_fail;` with exit_fail to keep the usage of exit_fail consistent across the ftrace selftests. This also reduces warning messsege such as 'exit: Illegal number: fail' in test logs. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/20260918061913.28069-1-woradorn.laon@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Woradorn Laodhanadhaworn <woradorn.laon@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-10-13ftrace/selftests: Change non-unique test symbol to init_onceAlexander Gordeev
The name_show symbol is not the best choise, because it often appears only three times on s390 in kallsyms, with two of them having module annotations [mdev] and [i2c_core]. Switch to init_once which has many more duplicate instances all in vmlinux, making it a more reliable non-unique symbol for testing kprobe registration failure. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/67ac21cd214ec9371276df9ba790e9832cf328d4.1787670777.git.agordeev@linux.ibm.com/ Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-10-03selftests/ftrace: Add persistent ring buffer testcasesMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Add test cases for persistent ring buffer (reserve_mem= combined with trace_instance=) and backup instance (trace_instance=backup=boot_map). These test cases verify: - persistent-01-reserve-mem: Memory reservation via reserve_mem= and trace_instance=boot_map@trace. Verifies trace data retention in the boot_map instance across guest crash/reboot via sysrq-trigger. - persistent-02-backup-instance: Backup instance creation via trace_instance=backup=boot_map. Verifies that previous boot trace log is preserved in the backup instance on the subsequent boot. These test cases specify '# REBOOT: 1' to enable multi-boot guest crash/reboot testing with doubled QEMU timeout. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/178649544683.438282.14573895196260214231.stgit@devnote2/ Assisted-by: LLM Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-10-03selftests/ftrace: Add kernel cmdline tracing testcasesMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Add test cases for kernel command-line tracing options. It verifies various parameters like trace_buf_size and trace_options by reading the output of tracing files in sysfs. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/178649543741.438282.2638887907664217934.stgit@devnote2/ Assisted-by: LLM Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-10-03selftests/ftrace: Add boot-time tracing testcasesMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Add test cases for boot-time tracing configuration via bootconfig (see Documentation/trace/boottime-trace.rst). These test cases verify: - 01-kprobe: Dynamic kprobe events via bootconfig - 02-synth: Synthetic events via bootconfig - 03-eprobe: Event probes (eprobes) via bootconfig - 04-fprobe: Function probes (fprobes) via bootconfig - 05-tprobe: Tracepoint probes via bootconfig - 06-instance: Custom trace instances via bootconfig Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/178649542809.438282.16167291066989252262.stgit@devnote2/ Assisted-by: LLM Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-09-30selftests/ftrace: Add generic boot tracing test frameworkMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Add a generic test framework under tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/boottime/ to verify kernel boot tracing configurations (bootconfig, kernel command-line tracing options, and persistent ring buffers) during early boot. The test runner (run_boottime_test.sh) sources ktap_helpers.sh to generate output in TAP version 13 format. It builds a minimal initramfs with busybox, dynamically resolves test specifications (.bconf for bootconfig, .cmdline for kernel boot parameters, .qemuopts for QEMU options, and # REBOOT: 1 for multi-boot crash/reboot tests with doubled timeout), boots QEMU, and runs corresponding tracefs checker scripts. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/178649541846.438282.672153252242971310.stgit@devnote2/ Assisted-by: LLM Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-09-26selftests/ftrace: skip gcov symbols when picking a function to probeEva Kurchatova
kprobe_eventname.tc takes the last kallsyms entry whose name ends in vfs_read and puts a probe on it. On a kernel built with CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL=y the counter symbol gcc emits for the function sorts after it: ffffffff819bd1e0 T vfs_read ffffffff845013e0 t __gcov_.vfs_read so the test picks __gcov_.vfs_read, which is not a function entry, and the write fails: kprobe_eventname.tc: line 10: echo: write error: Invalid argument Leave those symbols out of the choice. The test then picks vfs_read and passes; without a coverage build nothing changes, as no such symbol exists there. This is the same class of problem as commit 23a4b108accc ("tracing/selftests: Fix kprobe event name test for .isra. functions"), where a compiler-generated symbol was picked instead of a real function. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260925133558.3636030-1-eva.kurchatova@virtuozzo.com Signed-off-by: Eva Kurchatova <eva.kurchatova@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-09-10selftests/ftrace: Fix unique symbol check in kprobe_non_uniq_symbol.tcSven Schnelle
The current regex also matches symbols in modules, which makes the test fail on s390 where name_show is present only once in the kernel, but also multiple times in modules: 000001b1401cdc20 t name_show 000001b0c05e6c40 t name_show [mdev] 000001b0c0495f30 t name_show [i2c_core] Fix this by changing the regular expression to only match the function name. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260909092954.2200558-1-svens@linux.ibm.com/ Fixes: 03b80ff8023a ("selftests/ftrace: Add new test case which checks non unique symbol") Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-08-20Merge tag 'probes-v7.3' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace Pull probes updates from Masami Hiramatsu: "BTF typecasting and variable fetch enhancements: - Typecast support across probe events: Extended BTF typecasting syntax (e.g., (STRUCT)PARAM->MEMBER) to kprobes, uprobes, and fprobes on function entry and return - Nested typecasts: Added support for chaining and nesting typecasts up to 3 levels, including casting registers and stack variables - Field specifier option: Added (STRUCT,FIELD) syntax to emulate container_of(), allowing retrieval of parent structures from member pointers - $current variable support: Introduced $current special variable to access the running task_struct via BTF dereferencing - Per-CPU variable access: Added this_cpu_read() and this_cpu_ptr() fetcharg methods to trace CPU-local data safely - Fetcharg bytecode dumper: Added CONFIG_PROBE_EVENTS_DUMP_FETCHARG to dump the compiled fetcharg bytecode instructions as comments in dynamic_events - Extended symbol name handling: Removed the MAX_COMMON_HEAD_LEN limit and extended MAX_ARGSTR_LEN to 256 bytes, enabling probing of long symbols, mangled Rust symbols and complex BTF expressions - eprobe variable syntax: Allowed eprobes to reference event fields directly without requiring a '$' prefix - Cleanup unused parameters, redundant codes, duplicate macros and pointer arithmetic - Use a ternary operator for simplifying fetch_type_from_btf_type() Expanded boot time dynamic probe support: - Add boot-time tracing configuration support for event probes (eprobes), function probes (fprobes), and tracepoint probes (tprobes) - Allow comment lines ('#') in dynamic_events file Optimization, robustness, and cleanups: - Simplify fprobe_remove_ips() by reusing graph and ftrace helpers - Remove __packed attribute from struct __fprobe_header to avoid unaligned memory access penalties on RISC architectures - Remove redundant memset() calls in perf event probe handlers - Replace legacy __ASSEMBLY__ with __ASSEMBLER__ in header files Selftests & refactoring: - Refactor parse_probe_arg() and parse_probe_vars(), and eliminate recursion in probe argument parsing to protect kernel stack depth - Add selftests for BTF typecasts and module probing without module prefixes - Force LC_ALL=C in ftracetest to prevent test failures on localized systems - Refactor btf_type_skip_modifiers() to remove ignored id parameter - Sort ERRORS list in trace_probe.h alphabetically - Fix typo in fprobe docs, and trace_fprobe function name - Rename FETCH_OP_DATA to FETCH_OP_IMMSTR - Make file offset error message probe-agnostic" * tag 'probes-v7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: (37 commits) fprobe: Simplify fprobe_remove_ips() by reusing existing helpers tracing/boot: Add support for eprobe, fprobe, and tprobe events selftests/ftrace: Force C locale in ftracetest tracing/probes: Treating longer symbol name on event comparation docs: trace: fprobe: fix 'thos' spelling tracing/probes: Fix extra whitespace in trace_probe_kernel.h tracing/kprobe: Remove redundant memset in kprobe_perf_func() tracing/fprobe: Remove redundant memset in fentry_perf_func() tracing/fprobe: Remove redundant snprintf in trace_fprobe_match_command_head() tracing/probes: Simplify BTF_KIND_PTR case in fetch_type_from_btf_type() tracing/probes: Cleanup pointer arithmetic in store_trace_entry_data() tracing/probes: Remove unused parameter from parse_probe_var_retval() tracing/probes: Remove redundant bounds check in trace_probe_compare_arg_type() tracing/probes: Remove redundant boolean conversion in trace_probe_has_single_file() tracing/probes: Remove duplicate MAX_ARRAY_LEN macro definition selftests/ftrace: Add test case for a symbol in a module without module name tracing/probes: Eliminate recursion in parse_probe_arg() tracing/probes: Extend max length of argument string tracing/probes: Sort ERRORS list in trace_probe.h alphabetically tracing/probes: Refactor parse_probe_arg() ...
2026-08-17Merge tag 'linux_kselftest-next-7.3-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest Pull kselftest update from Shuah Khan: "Fix zram test failure in kernel_gte() when using dash and a spelling error in ftrace poll test comment" * tag 'linux_kselftest-next-7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest: selftests/zram: fix kernel_gte() for POSIX sh selftests/ftrace: fix spelling error in poll test comment
2026-08-08selftests/ftrace: Force C locale in ftracetestRui Qi
Some ftracetest test cases parse command output by matching English field names. Tools such as readelf may localize their output via gettext, while ftracetest currently inherits the user locale from the environment. If a translated field name is printed, parsing can fail even though the tested kernel behavior is unchanged. For example, add_remove_uprobe can fail to find the ELF entry point and then write a uprobe event with a missing offset. Export LC_ALL=C in the top-level ftracetest runner so every test case gets stable command output by default. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260807081512.2974757-2-qirui.001@bytedance.com/ Signed-off-by: Rui Qi <qirui.001@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-08-08selftests/ftrace: Convert ELF entry point to file offset in uprobe testRui Qi
The add_remove_uprobe test uses readelf -h to obtain the ELF entry point (e_entry) and passes it directly as the offset to uprobe_events. However, uprobe_events expects a file offset, not a virtual address. For PIE binaries, the virtual address happens to equal the file offset because the first LOAD segment has p_vaddr == p_offset, so the test works by coincidence. But for non-PIE executables, e_entry is an absolute virtual address that can far exceed the file size. When the probe is enabled, uprobe_register() checks offset > i_size_read(inode) and rejects it with -EINVAL. Fix this by converting the virtual address to a file offset using the ELF program headers: scan readelf -lW output for the LOAD segment containing the entry point, then compute file_offset = e_entry - p_vaddr + p_offset. For PIE binaries the result is unchanged; for non-PIE binaries the offset is correctly translated. The conversion uses only POSIX shell primitives, with no dependency on gawk or perl. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260807081512.2974757-3-qirui.001@bytedance.com/ Fixes: dc4b165855f2 ("selftests/ftrace: Use readelf to find entry point in uprobe test") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rui Qi <qirui.001@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-08-05selftests/ftrace: refactor eprobes test to fix argument checksMartin Kaiser
The add/remove eprobe test installs an eprobe for the openat syscall and runs ls. It checks the filenames that were opened by ls against a whitelist and a blacklist. Commit 206b25c09080 ("tracing: eprobe: read the complete FILTER_PTR_STRING pointer") fixed access to some string fields in eprobes. This triggers test failures as the blacklist does not allow relative paths for the openat parameters. What makes this test unstable is the fact that the openat calls vary a lot between different systems. Refactor the test to make it more robust. "cd <directory>" will issue a chdir syscall with the target directory as parameter. Set an eprobe on the sys_enter_chdir event and filter for the exact directory name. Allow (fault) as fallback. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260804194705.760893-1-martin@kaiser.cx/ Fixes: 206b25c09080 ("tracing: eprobe: read the complete FILTER_PTR_STRING pointer") Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202607151010.b68428e1-lkp@intel.com Signed-off-by: Martin Kaiser <martin@kaiser.cx> Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-07-24selftests/ftrace: Reset triggers at top level before instance loopMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
When running instance tests, 'ftracetest' creates a new ftrace instance and runs the tests inside it. Before starting each test, it executes 'initialize_system()' to reset the ftrace state to initial-state. However, since 'initialize_system()' is executed in the context of the instance directory, it only cleans up triggers and filters of that instance. Any triggers or dynamic events left behind in the top-level instance by previous failed top-level tests, are left completely untouched. These top-level leftovers can cause subsequent instance-based tests to fail or even crash the kernel. Fix this by executing 'initialize_system()' in the top-level tracing directory once before entering the instance loop. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/178425671889.84440.9477850701738666404.stgit@devnote2 Fixes: b5b77be812de ("selftests: ftrace: Allow some tests to be run in a tracing instance") Assisted-by: Antigravity:gemini-3.5-flash Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-07-15selftests/ftrace: Add test case for a symbol in a module without module nameMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Add a test case for probing on a symbol in a module without module name. When probing on a symbol in a module, ftrace accepts both the syntax that <MODNAME>:<SYMBOL> and <SYMBOL>. Current test case only checks the former syntax. This adds a test for the latter one. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/169846405196.88147.17766692778800222203.stgit@devnote2/ Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-07-14tracing/probes: Eliminate recursion in parse_probe_arg()Masami Hiramatsu
To avoid potential stack overflows on limited kernel stacks, convert parse_probe_arg() from a recursive function into a loop-based implementation with a simple local state stack. Since recursion is eliminated using a loop with a fixed-size stack in the context, this restricts the dereference nesting depth. The maximum nesting depth of dereferences is now restricted to the same limit as typecasts (TRACEPROBE_MAX_NESTED_LEVEL, which is 8) and reports the same TOO_MANY_NESTED error. Update ftrace selftests to reflect this restriction and simplify the checks. Note that this change slightly alters the behavior of nested dereferencing in fetcharg. Previously, dereferencing without BTF allowed for up to 14 levels of nesting, whereas dereferencing with BTF was limited to 3 levels. With this change, the nesting depth is now limited to 8 levels in both cases. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/178399141396.27810.5390060618628718661.stgit@devnote2/ Assisted-by: Antigravity:gemini-3.5-flash Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-07-14tracing/probes: Extend max length of argument stringMasami Hiramatsu
To support BTF argument parsing (such as accessing fields within nested structures via typecasting), the maximum argument string length needs to be extended. Extend MAX_ARGSTR_LEN from 63 to 255. Since MAX_ARGSTR_LEN was previously reused to format command heads in trace_*probe_match_command_head() functions, introduce a dedicated MAX_COMMON_HEAD_LEN (63) macro for matching command heads and switch these functions to use the new macro. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/178399140457.27810.11387684872148824707.stgit@devnote2/ Assisted-by: Antigravity:gemini-3.5-flash Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-07-14tracing/probes: Add a new testcase for BTF typecastsMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
With the introduction of container_of-style BTF typecasting and per-CPU variable access support in trace probes, we need a way to verify their functionality and prevent regressions. Add a new ftrace kselftest and update the trace event sample module to test and validate these features. Specifically, update the trace-events-sample module to set up a periodic timer whose callback accesses a per-CPU counter. Introduce a new sample trace event, foo_timer_fn, to trace this callback and log the current counter value. Then, add a new test case, btf_probe_event.tc, which defines a dynamic probe on the timer callback. The probe uses BTF typecasting to recover the parent structure from the timer argument and this_cpu_read() to fetch the per-CPU counter. The test verifies the integrity of the implementation by ensuring the values recorded by the dynamic probe match those from the static tracepoint. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/178271368625.1176915.13502654445483530822.stgit@devnote2/ Assisted-by: Antigravity:gemini-3.5-flash Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-07-10selftests/ftrace: fix spelling error in poll test commentWang Yan
Fix typo "happned" -> "happened" in ftrace poll test comment. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260702015634.366201-1-wangyan01@kylinos.cn Signed-off-by: Wang Yan <wangyan01@kylinos.cn> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-07-10selftests/tracing: Have trigger-hist-poll.tc use sched_process_exitSteven Rostedt
Currently trigger-hist-poll.tc uses sched_process_free to test the polling of the histogram file. The way it does that is to run sleep, then execute the poll.c code that polls on the sched_process_free for up to 4 seconds to test that when sleep triggers the sched_process_free trace event, it will update the histogram and wake the poll.c code up. The issue is that sched_process_free trace event is called by delayed_put_task_struct() which is called after a RCU grace period has ended. If CONFIG_RCU_LAZY is enabled, RCU callbacks are batched together and do not execute right away. This causes the delayed_put_task_struct() to be called after the poll.c function finishes and it will report an error that it did not wake up on the event. That's because the event didn't trigger during its wait time. Use sched_process_exit instead, which is called when a process exits and doesn't depend on RCU callbacks that may be delayed. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260708163436.058cc3df@gandalf.local.home Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-07-10selftests/ftrace: Fix reading enabled_functions in add_remove_fprobe_module testSteven Rostedt
The add_remove_fprobe_module test checks the number of functions added to the enabled_functions file to make sure that the functions added or removed is as expected. The issue is that it expects this file to be empty on start up. Now that systemd uses BPF that attaches to functions via ftrace, this file is not empty in several systems: # cat /sys/kernel/tracing/enabled_functions bpf_lsm_file_open (1) R D M tramp: ftrace_regs_caller+0x0/0x61 (call_direct_funcs+0x0/0x50) direct(jmp)-->bpf_trampoline_6442529439+0x0/0xe9 Change the test to read the number of lines in enabled_functions at the start of the test and subtract that from the value of the count for the checks within the test. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260708153239.055d56dd@gandalf.local.home Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-07-02tracing/probes: Allow eprobe to use variable without $ prefixMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
The commit 69efd863a785 ("tracing/eprobes: Allow use of BTF names to dereference pointers") allows eprobe to use event field without "$" prefix when it is used with typecast, it is natual to allow it without typecast. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/178271358117.1176915.13520279547897961254.stgit@devnote2/ Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-06-23Merge tag 'linux_kselftest-next-7.2-rc1-second' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest Pull more kselftest updates from Shuah Khan: "Docs: -remove obsolete wiki link from kselftest.rst ftrace: - drop invalid top-level local in test_ownership - Fix trace_marker_raw test on 64K page kernels" * tag 'linux_kselftest-next-7.2-rc1-second' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest: docs: kselftest: remove link to obsolete wiki selftests/ftrace: Fix trace_marker_raw test on 64K page kernels selftests/ftrace: Drop invalid top-level local in test_ownership
2026-06-17selftests/ftrace: Fix trace_marker_raw test on 64K page kernelsTianchen Ding
On ARM64 kernels with 64K pages, the trace_marker_raw test fails because bash's printf builtin uses stdio buffering which splits output into multiple small write() calls to the tracefs file. Since each individual write is within TRACE_MARKER_MAX_SIZE (4096), they all succeed, causing the "too big" write test to incorrectly pass. Fix by writing through dd with iflag=fullblock to guarantee a single atomic write() syscall to trace_marker_raw. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260601023251.1916483-1-dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com Fixes: 37f46601383a ("selftests/tracing: Add basic test for trace_marker_raw file") Signed-off-by: Tianchen Ding <dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-06-17selftests/ftrace: Drop invalid top-level local in test_ownershipCao Ruichuang
test_ownership.tc is sourced by ftracetest under /bin/sh. The script currently declares mount_point with local at file scope, which makes /bin/sh abort with "local: not in a function" before the test can reach the eventfs ownership checks. Replace the top-level local declaration with a normal shell variable so kernels that support the gid= tracefs mount option can run the test at all. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260407102613.81419-1-create0818@163.com Fixes: 8b55572e51805 ("tracing/selftests: Add tracefs mount options test") Signed-off-by: Cao Ruichuang <create0818@163.com> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-05-30tracing/probes: Point the error offset correctly for eprobe argument errorMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Fix to point the error offset correctly for eprobe argument error. In the cleanup commit 1b8b0cd754cd ("tracing/probes: Move event parameter fetching code to common parser"), due to incorrect backward compatibility aimed at conforming to the test specifications, the error location was set to 0 when a non-existent formal parameter was specified for Eprobe. However, this should be corrected in both the test and the implementation to point correct error position. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/177967567399.209006.1451571244515632097.stgit@devnote2/ Fixes: 1b8b0cd754cd ("tracing/probes: Move event parameter fetching code to common parser") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-04-22selftests/ftrace: Add a testcase for multiple fprobe eventsMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Add a testcase for multiple fprobe events on the same function so that it clears ftrace hash map correctly when removing the events. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/177669370353.132053.16801520791509406141.stgit@mhiramat.tok.corp.google.com/ Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-04-22selftests/ftrace: Add a testcase for fprobe events on moduleMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Add a testcase for fprobe events on module, which unloads a kernel module on which fprobe events are probing and ensure the ftrace hash map is cleared correctly. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/177669369564.132053.623527664540176496.stgit@mhiramat.tok.corp.google.com/ Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2026-04-17Merge tag 'trace-v7.1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt: - Fix printf format warning for bprintf sunrpc uses a trace_printk() that triggers a printf warning during the compile. Move the __printf() attribute around for when debugging is not enabled the warning will go away - Remove redundant check for EVENT_FILE_FL_FREED in event_filter_write() The FREED flag is checked in the call to event_file_file() and then checked again right afterward, which is unneeded - Clean up event_file_file() and event_file_data() helpers These helper functions played a different role in the past, but now with eventfs, the READ_ONCE() isn't needed. Simplify the code a bit and also add a warning to event_file_data() if the file or its data is not present - Remove updating file->private_data in tracing open All access to the file private data is handled by the helper functions, which do not use file->private_data. Stop updating it on open - Show ENUM names in function arguments via BTF in function tracing When showing the function arguments when func-args option is set for function tracing, if one of the arguments is found to be an enum, show the name of the enum instead of its number - Add new trace_call__##name() API for tracepoints Tracepoints are enabled via static_branch() blocks, where when not enabled, there's only a nop that is in the code where the execution will just skip over it. When tracing is enabled, the nop is converted to a direct jump to the tracepoint code. Sometimes more calculations are required to be performed to update the parameters of the tracepoint. In this case, trace_##name##_enabled() is called which is a static_branch() that gets enabled only when the tracepoint is enabled. This allows the extra calculations to also be skipped by the nop: if (trace_foo_enabled()) { x = bar(); trace_foo(x); } Where the x=bar() is only performed when foo is enabled. The problem with this approach is that there's now two static_branch() calls. One for checking if the tracepoint is enabled, and then again to know if the tracepoint should be called. The second one is redundant Introduce trace_call__foo() that will call the foo() tracepoint directly without doing a static_branch(): if (trace_foo_enabled()) { x = bar(); trace_call__foo(); } - Update various locations to use the new trace_call__##name() API - Move snapshot code out of trace.c Cleaning up trace.c to not be a "dump all", move the snapshot code out of it and into a new trace_snapshot.c file - Clean up some "%*.s" to "%*s" - Allow boot kernel command line options to be called multiple times Have options like: ftrace_filter=foo ftrace_filter=bar ftrace_filter=zoo Equal to: ftrace_filter=foo,bar,zoo - Fix ipi_raise event CPU field to be a CPU field The ipi_raise target_cpus field is defined as a __bitmask(). There is now a __cpumask() field definition. Update the field to use that - Have hist_field_name() use a snprintf() and not a series of strcat() It's safer to use snprintf() that a series of strcat() - Fix tracepoint regfunc balancing A tracepoint can define a "reg" and "unreg" function that gets called before the tracepoint is enabled, and after it is disabled respectively. But on error, after the "reg" func is called and the tracepoint is not enabled, the "unreg" function is not called to tear down what the "reg" function performed - Fix output that shows what histograms are enabled Event variables are displayed incorrectly in the histogram output Instead of "sched.sched_wakeup.$var", it is showing "$sched.sched_wakeup.var" where the '$' is in the incorrect location - Some other simple cleanups * tag 'trace-v7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: (24 commits) selftests/ftrace: Add test case for fully-qualified variable references tracing: Fix fully-qualified variable reference printing in histograms tracepoint: balance regfunc() on func_add() failure in tracepoint_add_func() tracing: Rebuild full_name on each hist_field_name() call tracing: Report ipi_raise target CPUs as cpumask tracing: Remove duplicate latency_fsnotify() stub tracing: Preserve repeated trace_trigger boot parameters tracing: Append repeated boot-time tracing parameters tracing: Remove spurious default precision from show_event_trigger/filter formats cpufreq: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites tracing: Remove tracing_alloc_snapshot() when snapshot isn't defined tracing: Move snapshot code out of trace.c and into trace_snapshot.c mm: damon: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites btrfs: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites spi: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites i2c: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites kernel: Use trace_call__##name() at guarded tracepoint call sites tracepoint: Add trace_call__##name() API tracing: trace_mmap.h: fix a kernel-doc warning tracing: Pretty-print enum parameters in function arguments ...
2026-04-17Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvmLinus Torvalds
Pull kvm updates from Paolo Bonzini: "Arm: - Add support for tracing in the standalone EL2 hypervisor code, which should help both debugging and performance analysis. This uses the new infrastructure for 'remote' trace buffers that can be exposed by non-kernel entities such as firmware, and which came through the tracing tree - Add support for GICv5 Per Processor Interrupts (PPIs), as the starting point for supporting the new GIC architecture in KVM - Finally add support for pKVM protected guests, where pages are unmapped from the host as they are faulted into the guest and can be shared back from the guest using pKVM hypercalls. Protected guests are created using a new machine type identifier. As the elusive guestmem has not yet delivered on its promises, anonymous memory is also supported This is only a first step towards full isolation from the host; for example, the CPU register state and DMA accesses are not yet isolated. Because this does not really yet bring fully what it promises, it is hidden behind CONFIG_ARM_PKVM_GUEST + 'kvm-arm.mode=protected', and also triggers TAINT_USER when a VM is created. Caveat emptor - Rework the dreaded user_mem_abort() function to make it more maintainable, reducing the amount of state being exposed to the various helpers and rendering a substantial amount of state immutable - Expand the Stage-2 page table dumper to support NV shadow page tables on a per-VM basis - Tidy up the pKVM PSCI proxy code to be slightly less hard to follow - Fix both SPE and TRBE in non-VHE configurations so that they do not generate spurious, out of context table walks that ultimately lead to very bad HW lockups - A small set of patches fixing the Stage-2 MMU freeing in error cases - Tighten-up accepted SMC immediate value to be only #0 for host SMCCC calls - The usual cleanups and other selftest churn LoongArch: - Use CSR_CRMD_PLV for kvm_arch_vcpu_in_kernel() - Add DMSINTC irqchip in kernel support RISC-V: - Fix steal time shared memory alignment checks - Fix vector context allocation leak - Fix array out-of-bounds in pmu_ctr_read() and pmu_fw_ctr_read_hi() - Fix double-free of sdata in kvm_pmu_clear_snapshot_area() - Fix integer overflow in kvm_pmu_validate_counter_mask() - Fix shift-out-of-bounds in make_xfence_request() - Fix lost write protection on huge pages during dirty logging - Split huge pages during fault handling for dirty logging - Skip CSR restore if VCPU is reloaded on the same core - Implement kvm_arch_has_default_irqchip() for KVM selftests - Factored-out ISA checks into separate sources - Added hideleg to struct kvm_vcpu_config - Factored-out VCPU config into separate sources - Support configuration of per-VM HGATP mode from KVM user space s390: - Support for ESA (31-bit) guests inside nested hypervisors - Remove restriction on memslot alignment, which is not needed anymore with the new gmap code - Fix LPSW/E to update the bear (which of course is the breaking event address register) x86: - Shut up various UBSAN warnings on reading module parameter before they were initialized - Don't zero-allocate page tables that are used for splitting hugepages in the TDP MMU, as KVM is guaranteed to set all SPTEs in the page table and thus write all bytes - As an optimization, bail early when trying to unsync 4KiB mappings if the target gfn can just be mapped with a 2MiB hugepage x86 generic: - Copy single-chunk MMIO write values into struct kvm_vcpu (more precisely struct kvm_mmio_fragment) to fix use-after-free stack bugs where KVM would dereference stack pointer after an exit to userspace - Clean up and comment the emulated MMIO code to try to make it easier to maintain (not necessarily "easy", but "easier") - Move VMXON+VMXOFF and EFER.SVME toggling out of KVM (not *all* of VMX and SVM enabling) as it is needed for trusted I/O - Advertise support for AVX512 Bit Matrix Multiply (BMM) instructions - Immediately fail the build if a required #define is missing in one of KVM's headers that is included multiple times - Reject SET_GUEST_DEBUG with -EBUSY if there's an already injected exception, mostly to prevent syzkaller from abusing the uAPI to trigger WARNs, but also because it can help prevent userspace from unintentionally crashing the VM - Exempt SMM from CPUID faulting on Intel, as per the spec - Misc hardening and cleanup changes x86 (AMD): - Fix and optimize IRQ window inhibit handling for AVIC; make it per-vCPU so that KVM doesn't prematurely re-enable AVIC if multiple vCPUs have to-be-injected IRQs - Clean up and optimize the OSVW handling, avoiding a bug in which KVM would overwrite state when enabling virtualization on multiple CPUs in parallel. This should not be a problem because OSVW should usually be the same for all CPUs - Drop a WARN in KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_REG_REGION where KVM complains about a "too large" size based purely on user input - Clean up and harden the pinning code for KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_REG_REGION - Disallow synchronizing a VMSA of an already-launched/encrypted vCPU, as doing so for an SNP guest will crash the host due to an RMP violation page fault - Overhaul KVM's APIs for detecting SEV+ guests so that VM-scoped queries are required to hold kvm->lock, and enforce it by lockdep. Fix various bugs where sev_guest() was not ensured to be stable for the whole duration of a function or ioctl - Convert a pile of kvm->lock SEV code to guard() - Play nicer with userspace that does not enable KVM_CAP_EXCEPTION_PAYLOAD, for which KVM needs to set CR2 and DR6 as a response to ioctls such as KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS (even if the payload would end up in EXITINFO2 rather than CR2, for example). Only set CR2 and DR6 when consumption of the payload is imminent, but on the other hand force delivery of the payload in all paths where userspace retrieves CR2 or DR6 - Use vcpu->arch.cr2 when updating vmcb12's CR2 on nested #VMEXIT instead of vmcb02->save.cr2. The value is out of sync after a save/restore or after a #PF is injected into L2 - Fix a class of nSVM bugs where some fields written by the CPU are not synchronized from vmcb02 to cached vmcb12 after VMRUN, and so are not up-to-date when saved by KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE - Fix a class of bugs where the ordering between KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE and KVM_SET_{S}REGS could cause vmcb02 to be incorrectly initialized after save+restore - Add a variety of missing nSVM consistency checks - Fix several bugs where KVM failed to correctly update VMCB fields on nested #VMEXIT - Fix several bugs where KVM failed to correctly synthesize #UD or #GP for SVM-related instructions - Add support for save+restore of virtualized LBRs (on SVM) - Refactor various helpers and macros to improve clarity and (hopefully) make the code easier to maintain - Aggressively sanitize fields when copying from vmcb12, to guard against unintentionally allowing L1 to utilize yet-to-be-defined features - Fix several bugs where KVM botched rAX legality checks when emulating SVM instructions. There are remaining issues in that KVM doesn't handle size prefix overrides for 64-bit guests - Fail emulation of VMRUN/VMLOAD/VMSAVE if mapping vmcb12 fails instead of somewhat arbitrarily synthesizing #GP (i.e. don't double down on AMD's architectural but sketchy behavior of generating #GP for "unsupported" addresses) - Cache all used vmcb12 fields to further harden against TOCTOU bugs x86 (Intel): - Drop obsolete branch hint prefixes from the VMX instruction macros - Use ASM_INPUT_RM() in __vmcs_writel() to coerce clang into using a register input when appropriate - Code cleanups guest_memfd: - Don't mark guest_memfd folios as accessed, as guest_memfd doesn't support reclaim, the memory is unevictable, and there is no storage to write back to LoongArch selftests: - Add KVM PMU test cases s390 selftests: - Enable more memory selftests x86 selftests: - Add support for Hygon CPUs in KVM selftests - Fix a bug in the MSR test where it would get false failures on AMD/Hygon CPUs with exactly one of RDPID or RDTSCP - Add an MADV_COLLAPSE testcase for guest_memfd as a regression test for a bug where the kernel would attempt to collapse guest_memfd folios against KVM's will" * tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (373 commits) KVM: x86: use inlines instead of macros for is_sev_*guest x86/virt: Treat SVM as unsupported when running as an SEV+ guest KVM: SEV: Goto an existing error label if charging misc_cg for an ASID fails KVM: SVM: Move lock-protected allocation of SEV ASID into a separate helper KVM: SEV: use mutex guard in snp_handle_guest_req() KVM: SEV: use mutex guard in sev_mem_enc_unregister_region() KVM: SEV: use mutex guard in sev_mem_enc_ioctl() KVM: SEV: use mutex guard in snp_launch_update() KVM: SEV: Assert that kvm->lock is held when querying SEV+ support KVM: SEV: Document that checking for SEV+ guests when reclaiming memory is "safe" KVM: SEV: Hide "struct kvm_sev_info" behind CONFIG_KVM_AMD_SEV=y KVM: SEV: WARN on unhandled VM type when initializing VM KVM: LoongArch: selftests: Add PMU overflow interrupt test KVM: LoongArch: selftests: Add basic PMU event counting test KVM: LoongArch: selftests: Add cpucfg read/write helpers LoongArch: KVM: Add DMSINTC inject msi to vCPU LoongArch: KVM: Add DMSINTC device support LoongArch: KVM: Make vcpu_is_preempted() as a macro rather than function LoongArch: KVM: Move host CSR_GSTAT save and restore in context switch LoongArch: KVM: Move host CSR_EENTRY save and restore in context switch ...
2026-04-15Merge tag 'trace-ringbuffer-v7.1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace Pull ring-buffer updates from Steven Rostedt: - Add remote buffers for pKVM pKVM has a hypervisor component that is used to protect the guest from the host kernel. This hypervisor is a black box to the kernel as the kernel is to user space. The remote buffers are used to have a memory mapping between the hypervisor and the kernel where kernel may send commands to enable tracing within the hypervisor. Then the kernel will read this memory mapping just like user space can read the memory mapped ring buffer of the kernel tracing system. Since the hypervisor only has a single context, it doesn't need to worry about races between normal context, interrupt context and NMIs like the kernel does. The ring buffer it uses doesn't need to be as complex. The remote buffers are a simple version of the ring buffer that works in a single context. They are still per-CPU and use sub buffers. The data layout is the same as the kernel's ring buffer to share the same parsing. Currently, only ARM64 implements pKVM, but there's work to implement it also in x86. The remote buffer code is separated out from the ARM implementation so that it can be used in the future by x86. The ARM64 updates for pKVM is in the ARM/KVM tree and it merged in the remote buffers of this tree. - Make the backup instance non reusable The backup instance is a copy of the persistent ring buffer so that the persistent ring buffer could start recording again without using the data from the previous boot. The backup isn't for normal tracing. It is made read-only, and after it is consumed, it is automatically removed. - Have backup copy persistent instance before it starts recording To allow the persistent ring buffer to start recording from the kernel command line commands, move the copy of the backup instance to before the the command line options start recording. - Report header_page overwrite field as "char" and not "int' The rust parser of the header_page file was triggering a warning when it defined the overwrite variable as "int" but it was only a single byte in size. - Fix memory barriers for the trace_buffer CPU mask When a CPU comes online, the bit is set to allow readers to know that the CPU buffer is allocated. The bit is set after the allocation is done, and a smp_wmb() is performed after the allocation and before the setting of the bit. But instead of adding a smp_rmb() to all readers, since once a buffer is created for a CPU it is not deleted if that CPU goes offline, so this allocation is almost always done at boot up before any readers exist. If for the unlikely case where a CPU comes online for the first time after the system boot has finished, send an IPI to all CPUs to force the smp_rmb() for each CPU. - Show clock function being used in debugging ring buffer data When the ring buffer checks are enabled and the ring buffer detects an inconsistency in the times of the invents, print out the clock being used when the error occurred. There was a very hard to hit bug that would happen every so often and it ended up being only triggered when the jiffies clock was being used. If the bug showed the clock being used, it would have been much easier to find the problem (which was an internal function was being traced which caused the clock accounting to go off). * tag 'trace-ringbuffer-v7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: (26 commits) ring-buffer: Prevent off-by-one array access in ring_buffer_desc_page() ring-buffer: Report header_page overwrite as char tracing: Allow backup to save persistent ring buffer before it starts tracing/Documentation: Add a section about backup instance tracing: Remove the backup instance automatically after read tracing: Make the backup instance non-reusable ring-buffer: Enforce read ordering of trace_buffer cpumask and buffers ring-buffer: Show what clock function is used on timestamp errors tracing: Check for undefined symbols in simple_ring_buffer tracing: load/unload page callbacks for simple_ring_buffer Documentation: tracing: Add tracing remotes tracing: selftests: Add trace remote tests tracing: Add a trace remote module for testing tracing: Introduce simple_ring_buffer ring-buffer: Export buffer_data_page and macros tracing: Add helpers to create trace remote events tracing: Add events/ root files to trace remotes tracing: Add events to trace remotes tracing: Add init callback to trace remotes tracing: Add non-consuming read to trace remotes ...
2026-04-14selftests/ftrace: Add test case for fully-qualified variable referencesTom Zanussi
This test adds a variable (ts0) to two events (sched_waking and sched_wakeup) and uses a fully-qualified variable reference to expicitly choose a particular one (sched_wakeup.$ts0) when calculating the wakeup latency. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/ce9d96aeb84b2d40bd469fe9a346e225442873b1.1776112478.git.zanussi@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-04-13selftests/ftrace: Quote check_requires comparisonsCao Ruichuang
check_requires() compares requirement strings that can contain shell pattern characters such as '[' and ']'. Under /bin/sh, the unquoted test expressions can emit 'unexpected operator' warnings while parsing README-backed requirements. Quote the relevant comparisons and path checks so the helper handles those patterns without spurious shell warnings. Validated by rerunning fprobe_syntax_errors.tc and confirming the previous '/bin/sh: unexpected operator' lines disappear from the detailed ftracetest log. Signed-off-by: Cao Ruichuang <create0818@163.com> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260408043212.8063-1-create0818@163.com Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-04-02tracing: selftests: Extend hotplug testing for trace remotesVincent Donnefort
The hotplug testing only tries reading a trace remote buffer, loaded before a CPU is offline. Extend this testing to cover: * A trace remote buffer loaded after a CPU is offline. * A trace remote buffer loaded before a CPU is online. Because of these added test cases, move the hotplug testing into a separate hotplug.tc file. Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Vincent Donnefort <vdonnefort@google.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260401045100.3394299-3-vdonnefort@google.com Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2026-03-31selftests/tracing: Fix to check awk supports non POSIX strtonum()Masami Hiramatsu (Google)
Check the awk command supports non POSIX strtonum() function in the trace_marker_raw test case. Fixes: 37f46601383a ("selftests/tracing: Add basic test for trace_marker_raw file") Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/177071726229.2369897.11506524546451139051.stgit@mhiramat.tok.corp.google.com Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-31selftests/tracing: Fix to make --logdir option work againMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Since commit a0aa283c53a7 ("selftest/ftrace: Generalise ftracetest to use with RV") moved the default LOG_DIR setting after --logdir option parser, it overwrites the user given LOG_DIR. This fixes it to check the --logdir option parameter when setting new default LOG_DIR with a new TOP_DIR. Fixes: a0aa283c53a7 ("selftest/ftrace: Generalise ftracetest to use with RV") Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Tested-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/177071725191.2369897.14781037901532893911.stgit@mhiramat.tok.corp.google.com Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-03-11tracing: selftests: Add hypervisor trace remote testsVincent Donnefort
Run the trace remote selftests with the trace remote 'hypervisor', This trace remote is most likely created when the arm64 KVM nVHE/pKVM hypervisor is in use. Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Vincent Donnefort <vdonnefort@google.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260309162516.2623589-31-vdonnefort@google.com Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2026-03-09tracing: selftests: Add trace remote testsVincent Donnefort
Exercise the tracefs interface for trace remote with a set of tests to check: * loading/unloading (unloading.tc) * reset (reset.tc) * size changes (buffer_size.tc) * consuming read (trace_pipe.tc) * non-consuming read (trace.tc) Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260309162516.2623589-16-vdonnefort@google.com Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Vincent Donnefort <vdonnefort@google.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2026-01-09selftests/tracing: Fix test_multiple_writes stallFushuai Wang
When /sys/kernel/tracing/buffer_size_kb is less than 12KB, the test_multiple_writes test will stall and wait for more input due to insufficient buffer space. Check current buffer_size_kb value before the test. If it is less than 12KB, it temporarily increase the buffer to 12KB, and restore the original value after the tests are completed. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260109033620.25727-1-fushuai.wang@linux.dev Fixes: 37f46601383a ("selftests/tracing: Add basic test for trace_marker_raw file") Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Fushuai Wang <wangfushuai@baidu.com> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-12-31selftests/ftrace: Test toplevel-enable for instanceZheng Yejian
'available_events' is actually not required by 'test.d/event/toplevel-enable.tc' and its Existence has been tested in 'test.d/00basic/basic4.tc'. So the require of 'available_events' can be dropped and then we can add 'instance' flag to test 'test.d/event/toplevel-enable.tc' for instance. Test result show as below: # ./ftracetest test.d/event/toplevel-enable.tc === Ftrace unit tests === [1] event tracing - enable/disable with top level files [PASS] [2] (instance) event tracing - enable/disable with top level files [PASS] # of passed: 2 # of failed: 0 # of unresolved: 0 # of untested: 0 # of unsupported: 0 # of xfailed: 0 # of undefined(test bug): 0 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230509203659.1173917-1-zhengyejian1@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Zheng Yejian <zhengyejian1@huawei.com> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-12-31selftests/ftrace: traceonoff_triggers: strip off namesYipeng Zou
The func_traceonoff_triggers.tc sometimes goes to fail on my board, Kunpeng-920. [root@localhost]# ./ftracetest ./test.d/ftrace/func_traceonoff_triggers.tc -l fail.log === Ftrace unit tests === [1] ftrace - test for function traceon/off triggers [FAIL] [2] (instance) ftrace - test for function traceon/off triggers [UNSUPPORTED] I look up the log, and it shows that the md5sum is different between csum1 and csum2. ++ cnt=611 ++ sleep .1 +++ cnt_trace +++ grep -v '^#' trace +++ wc -l ++ cnt2=611 ++ '[' 611 -ne 611 ']' +++ cat tracing_on ++ on=0 ++ '[' 0 '!=' 0 ']' +++ md5sum trace ++ csum1='76896aa74362fff66a6a5f3cf8a8a500 trace' ++ sleep .1 +++ md5sum trace ++ csum2='ee8625a21c058818fc26e45c1ed3f6de trace' ++ '[' '76896aa74362fff66a6a5f3cf8a8a500 trace' '!=' 'ee8625a21c058818fc26e45c1ed3f6de trace' ']' ++ fail 'Tracing file is still changing' ++ echo Tracing file is still changing Tracing file is still changing ++ exit_fail ++ exit 1 So I directly dump the trace file before md5sum, the diff shows that: [root@localhost]# diff trace_1.log trace_2.log -y --suppress-common-lines dockerd-12285 [036] d.... 18385.510290: sched_stat | <...>-12285 [036] d.... 18385.510290: sched_stat dockerd-12285 [036] d.... 18385.510291: sched_swit | <...>-12285 [036] d.... 18385.510291: sched_swit <...>-740 [044] d.... 18385.602859: sched_stat | kworker/44:1-740 [044] d.... 18385.602859: sched_stat <...>-740 [044] d.... 18385.602860: sched_swit | kworker/44:1-740 [044] d.... 18385.602860: sched_swit And we can see that <...> filed be filled with names. We can strip off the names there to fix that. After strip off the names: kworker/u257:0-12 [019] d..2. 2528.758910: sched_stat | -12 [019] d..2. 2528.758910: sched_stat_runtime: comm=k kworker/u257:0-12 [019] d..2. 2528.758912: sched_swit | -12 [019] d..2. 2528.758912: sched_switch: prev_comm=kw <idle>-0 [000] d.s5. 2528.762318: sched_waki | -0 [000] d.s5. 2528.762318: sched_waking: comm=sshd pi <idle>-0 [037] dNh2. 2528.762326: sched_wake | -0 [037] dNh2. 2528.762326: sched_wakeup: comm=sshd pi <idle>-0 [037] d..2. 2528.762334: sched_swit | -0 [037] d..2. 2528.762334: sched_switch: prev_comm=sw Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230818013226.2182299-1-zouyipeng@huawei.com Fixes: d87b29179aa0 ("selftests: ftrace: Use md5sum to take less time of checking logs") Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Yipeng Zou <zouyipeng@huawei.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-12-05Merge tag 'trace-rv-6.19' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace Pull runtime verifier updates from Steven Rostedt: - Adapt the ftracetest script to be run from a different folder This uses the already existing OPT_TEST_DIR but extends it further to run independent tests, then add an --rv flag to allow using the script for testing RV (mostly) independently on ftrace. - Add basic RV selftests in selftests/verification for more validations Add more validations for available/enabled monitors and reactors. This could have caught the bug introducing kernel panic solved above. Tests use ftracetest. - Convert react() function in reactor to use va_list directly Use a central helper to handle the variadic arguments. Clean up macros and mark functions as static. - Add lockdep annotations to reactors to have lockdep complain of errors If the reactors are called from improper context. Useful to develop new reactors. This highlights a warning in the panic reactor that is related to the printk subsystem and not to RV. - Convert core RV code to use lock guards and __free helpers This completely removes goto statements. - Fix compilation if !CONFIG_RV_REACTORS Fix the warning by keeping LTL monitor variable as always static. * tag 'trace-rv-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: rv: Fix compilation if !CONFIG_RV_REACTORS rv: Convert to use __free rv: Convert to use lock guard rv: Add explicit lockdep context for reactors rv: Make rv_reacting_on() static rv: Pass va_list to reactors selftests/verification: Add initial RV tests selftest/ftrace: Generalise ftracetest to use with RV
2025-12-03Merge tag 'linux_kselftest-next-6.19-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest Pull kselftest updates from Shuah Khan: - Add basic test for trace_marker_raw file to tracing selftest - Fix invalid array access in printf dma_map_benchmark selftest - Add tprobe enable/disable testcase to tracing selftest - Update fprobe selftest for ftrace based fprobe * tag 'linux_kselftest-next-6.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest: selftests: tracing: Update fprobe selftest for ftrace based fprobe selftests: tracing: Add tprobe enable/disable testcase selftests/run_kselftest.sh: exit with error if tests fail selftests/dma: fix invalid array access in printf selftests/tracing: Add basic test for trace_marker_raw file
2025-11-19selftests: tracing: Update fprobe selftest for ftrace based fprobeMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Since the ftrace fprobe is both fgraph and ftrace based implemented, the selftest needs to be updated. This does not count the actual number of lines, but just check the differences. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/176295318112.431538.11780280333728368327.stgit@devnote2 Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>