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6 daysbpf: Determine freplace staticness from BTF linkageKaFai Wan
bpf_check_attach_target() rejects a freplace whose target is a static function, using the subprog "unreliable" flag as a proxy for "static". That flag is raised whenever a subprogram's BTF prototype disagrees with the registers at its call site. `147400e9c27c ("bpf: Compute parameters liveness in bpf_compute_live_registers()")` made that work for static callees: a static function with an unused argument no longer matches its BTF prototype at the call site and is marked unreliable. Since LLVM commit `29b36a16f111 ("[BPF] Emit ABI-accurate BTF prototypes for DW_CC_nocall")` in 23.1 [1] that premise is gone: BTFDebug may now drop arguments removed by the optimizer, so for __noinline static int subprog(struct __sk_buff *ctx) { return bpf_ktime_get_ns(); } compiled with clang 23 the BTF describes subprog() as [75] FUNC_PROTO '(anon)' ret_type_id=2 vlen=0 [76] FUNC 'subprog' type_id=75 linkage=static There is then no argument left to compare, the subprog stays reliable, and the check in bpf_check_attach_target() is skipped. The freplace is then rejected by the later linkage check instead, reporting "subprog() is not a global function", and the selftest "exceptions" fails. Determine staticness from the BTF linkage instead, and keep the unreliable check for global functions whose BTF does not match their call site. There is no functional change: freplacing a static function was rejected before and is still rejected with the same -EINVAL. Selftest "exceptions" is updated to match. [1] https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/198426 Fixes: 147400e9c27c ("bpf: Compute parameters liveness in bpf_compute_live_registers()") Signed-off-by: KaFai Wan <kafai.wan@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20261018005348.2195130-2-kafai.wan@linux.dev
2026-10-09bpf: Compute parameters liveness in bpf_compute_live_registers()Eduard Zingerman
This computes exact liveness for the arguments of a call to a subprogram instead of assuming that r1..r5 are read: - For static subprograms compute use registers at the bpf_compute_live_registers() fixpoint phase. - For global subprograms use BTF information. Add a separate pass doing try_btf_prepare_func_args() in order for bpf_subprog_info->arg_slot_cnt to be available during bpf_compute_live_registers(). The conservative liveness marks hindered SCEV widening logic on a set of production programs. Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20261009-scev-minimal-rebase-v3-11-bcba9bc53ac9@gmail.com
2026-09-25selftests/bpf: Add a test for an exception callback behind a dead subprogDaniel Borkmann
Add a test where a static subprogram only called from dead code sits in front of the exception callback, so that its removal compacts subprog_info[] underneath the callback's index. # LDLIBS=-static PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config --static' ./vmtest.sh -- ./test_progs -t exceptions [...] #129/119 exceptions/exception_cb_behind_dead_subprog:OK #129 exceptions:OK Summary: 1/119 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0/0 FAILED Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260925175244.1136329-17-daniel@iogearbox.net
2026-09-13selftests/bpf: cover the exception callback using its own BPF stackDonggeun Yoo
The existing exception tests do not reach a callback that materializes BPF_REG_FP into a register. They either throw from the main program, where BPF_REG_FP already holds the value the callback needs, or use a callback whose only stack accesses are frame pointer relative, which the arm64 JIT rewrites to be stack pointer relative. Add a test that throws from a subprogram using its own BPF stack, with a callback that hands the address of a local variable to bpf_probe_read_kernel(). The helper and the callback have to name the same slot for the value read back to be the one the helper stored. Signed-off-by: Donggeun Yoo <donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260907130624.611942-3-donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-05-17selftests/bpf: Add exception tests with stack argumentsYonghong Song
Add tests to verify that bpf_throw() correctly unwinds the stack when the program uses outgoing stack arguments (functions with >5 args). Without the preceding x86 fix, these tests crash the kernel on x86 due to corrupted callee-saved register restore. There is no change for arm64 to support exception with stack arguments. Acked-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260517150707.289273-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-04-12bpf: add missing fsession to the verifier logMenglong Dong
The fsession attach type is missed in the verifier log in check_get_func_ip(), bpf_check_attach_target() and check_attach_btf_id(). Update them to make the verifier log proper. Meanwhile, update the corresponding selftests. Acked-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Menglong Dong <dongml2@chinatelecom.cn> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260412060346.142007-2-dongml2@chinatelecom.cn Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-03-03selftests: bpf: Add tests for void global subprogsEmil Tsalapatis
Add additional testing for void global functions. The tests ensure that calls to void global functions properly keep R0 invalid. Also make sure that exception callbacks still require a return value. Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260228184759.108145-6-emil@etsalapatis.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2023-09-19selftests/bpf: Print log buffer for exceptions test only on failureKumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
Alexei reported seeing log messages for some test cases even though we just wanted to match the error string from the verifier. Move the printing of the log buffer to a guarded condition so that we only print it when we fail to match on the expected string in the log buffer, preventing unneeded output when running the test. Reported-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Fixes: d2a93715bfb0 ("selftests/bpf: Add tests for BPF exceptions") Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230918155233.297024-2-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2023-09-16selftests/bpf: Add tests for BPF exceptionsKumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
Add selftests to cover success and failure cases of API usage, runtime behavior and invariants that need to be maintained for implementation correctness. Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230912233214.1518551-18-memxor@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>