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https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux.git
# Conflicts:
# mm/memblock.c
# mm/mm_init.c
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https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux.git
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The set_memory() and set_direct_map() APIs change permissions of existing
kernel mappings, but their semantics are only described by the code, and
that code differs from architecture to architecture.
Add Documentation/mm/kernel-page-tables.rst that briefly describes what
the kernel page tables consist of, defines the semantics both APIs have in
common, including the parts that are easy to get wrong, and lists the
differences between the architecture implementations.
Add kernel-doc comments for the generic set_memory() and set_direct_map()
stubs and link them into Documentation/core-api/mm-api.rst.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260919-set-memory-docs-v2-1-a2a4b3657690@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>
Assisted-by: copilot:claude-opus
Cc: "David Hildenbrand (arm)" <david@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Shuah khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: "Vlastimil Babka (SUSE)" <vbabka@kernel.org>
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Move tools/testing/selftests/mm/gup_test.c to tools/mm/gup_bench.c. This
is the first step in separating its benchmarking and functional testing
components. Later patches will make this a purely benchmarking tool and
introduce a new functional selftest under selftests/mm.
Include hugepage_settings.h directly instead of vm_util.h and use
getpagesize() instead of psize().
Adjust the Makefiles in both locations and add gup_bench to
tools/mm/.gitignore. Remove the gup_test invocations from run_vmtests.sh
and update MAINTAINERS.
Also remove the gup_test reference from
Documentation/core-api/pin_user_pages.rst. The selftest added later in
the series is standalone and does not need per command documentation here.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260918112234.195857-5-sarthak.sharma@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Sarthak Sharma <sarthak.sharma@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@arm.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
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Make it abundantly clear that in the most cases objects should be
allocated with kzalloc_obj() and buffers should be allocated with
kzalloc().
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260907063654.2248617-1-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
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Patch series "docs/core-api: memory-allocation: add k[mz]alloc_obj() and
clarify kmalloc", v2.
Update the memory-allocation guide to describe k[mz]alloc_obj() and
clarify description of kmalloc() size limitations.
And when I realized that get_maintainers.pl does not list any of mm people
for that patch I added the MAINTAINERS update as well :)
This patch (of 2):
Since v7.0 the most used memory allocation function is kzalloc_obj().
Update the memory-allocation guide to describe k[mz]alloc_obj() family and
make kzalloc_obj() the first answer to "How should I allocate memory?"
question.
While on it, clarify description of kmalloc() size limitations.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260902-docs-memalloc-guide-v2-0-218c1a4dcb80@kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260902-docs-memalloc-guide-v2-1-218c1a4dcb80@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Acked-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
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Add documentation files for the PCI subsystem's participation in Live
Update.
These documentation files are generated from the kernel-doc comments in
the PCI Live Update source code. They describe the File-Lifecycle-Bound
(FLB) API, the device tracking API, and the specific policies applied to
preserved devices (such as bus number inheritance and bus mastering
preservation).
Reviewed-by: Pranjal Shrivastava <praan@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260918200640.887030-14-dmatlack@google.com
Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
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Set up a File-Lifecycle-Bound (FLB) handler so that the PCI core can
preserve its own state across a Live Update kexec.
Preserving a PCI device across kexec requires preserving two independent
sets of state:
- Driver state, e.g. everything vfio-pci needs so that userspace can
keep using the device in the new kernel. The driver preserves this
itself and the PCI core is not involved.
- PCI core state, e.g. which devices are preserved, so that the new
kernel knows not to disturb them while they are still running and
doing DMA. That is what this commit adds, serialized into struct
pci_ser.
Userspace, not the kernel, decides which devices are preserved, and it
does so through the Live Update Orchestrator's (LUO) support for file
preservation: a driver exposes a file that represents a single PCI
device, and userspace preserves that device with
ioctl(LIVEUPDATE_SESSION_PRESERVE_FD) on that file. Binding preservation
to a file gives it proper lifecycle management, e.g. the preservation is
undone if userspace cancels it or goes away. How a driver exposes that
file is up to the driver and invisible to the PCI core (vfio-pci variant
drivers, the first intended use-case, use their per-device cdev).
LUO only knows that a file was preserved; it does not know that it
represents a PCI device, or which one. Bridging that gap, drivers
register their liveupdate_file_handler with the PCI core:
pci_liveupdate_register_flb(driver_file_handler);
pci_liveupdate_unregister_flb(driver_file_handler);
LUO then refcounts the PCI core's FLB against the files preserved by
that handler, and that refcount drives the lifetime of struct pci_ser:
- On the first preserved file, luo_flb_file_preserve_one() calls
pci_flb_preserve(), which allocates struct pci_ser and preserves it
with KHO.
- On the last unpreserved file (i.e. preservation cancelled),
liveupdate_flb_put_outgoing() calls pci_flb_unpreserve(), which
unpreserves and frees struct pci_ser.
- In the next kernel, pci_flb_retrieve() hands the PCI core the struct
pci_ser built by the previous kernel, whenever the PCI core asks for
it (e.g. during enumeration), and pci_flb_finish() frees it once the
PCI core is done with it.
So the flow for preserving a device, once a driver has registered, looks
like this:
ioctl(LIVEUPDATE_SESSION_PRESERVE_FD)
luo_session_preserve_fd()
luo_preserve_file()
luo_flb_file_preserve()
luo_flb_file_preserve_one() # only on the first preserved file
pci_flb_preserve() # alloc + KHO-preserve pci_ser
fh->ops->preserve() # driver callback, e.g. vfio-pci
Note that struct pci_ser is deliberately not allocated when a driver
calls pci_liveupdate_register_flb(). A driver can be loaded for the
lifetime of the machine without ever preserving a device, and there is
no reason to allocate memory and hand it to the next kernel in that
case. Letting LUO own the lifetime also means the PCI core does not have
to duplicate LUO's refcounting and unwind logic for preservation
failures, session aborts and fd close, and the incoming side
(retrieve/finish) comes from the same object rather than requiring a
separate KHO FDT entry owned by the PCI core.
Note: This commit only allocates struct pci_ser and preserves it across
Live Update. A subsequent commit adds pci_liveupdate_preserve(), the API
drivers call from their fh->ops->preserve() callback to tell the PCI
core exactly which devices are being preserved.
Note: There is no reason to check for kho_is_enabled() since it can be
assumed to return true. If KHO was not enabled then Live Update would
not be enabled and these routines would never run.
Reviewed-by: Pranjal Shrivastava <praan@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260918200640.887030-2-dmatlack@google.com
Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
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The term "KHO scratch" is vague and overloaded.
For one, it does not accurately describe what the memory is for. From
KHO's perspective, it is memory passed by the previous kernel that is
guaranteed to have no allocations and hence it is safe to allocate from.
For another, the term is overloaded. KHO also knows to discover other
ranges of memory that don't have any preservations and are safe to
allocate from. This is done by kho_extend_scratch(). These areas, while
called "scratch", are completely different from the chunk of memory
passed by the previous kernel for early boot allocations.
Rename "KHO scratch" to "KHO boot memory", or "KHO bootmem" in short.
Update all function names, variable names, comments, and documentation
to use this.
Call the discovered areas "noprsrv", matching what memblock would see
them as. Rename kho_extend_scratch() to reflect this.
This patch largely has no functional changes. The only functional
changes are renames of debugfs files from "scratch_phys" and
"scratch_len" to "bootmem_phys" and "bootmem_len" respectively.
Signed-off-by: Pratyush Yadav (Google) <pratyush@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260922041321.233986-4-pratyush@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
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Function dma_opt_mapping_size() implies from its name that it returns a
target or sweet spot DMA mapping size. However, it is just an upper limit
optimal DMA mapping size. Above this size, DMA mapping performance may
significantly degrade.
Rename to dma_max_opt_mapping_size() to reflect the real behaviour. Also
rename the internal DMA mapping symbols to align with this.
The DMA API documentation already described this behaviour properly (so
there is nothing to update).
Signed-off-by: John Garry <john.garry@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260831093620.3481337-1-john.g.garry@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
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Correct "maintainance" to "maintenance", reported by scripts/checkpatch.pl
using the misspelling list in scripts/spelling.txt. Only touches comments,
no code changes.
Assisted-by: Cursor:claude-opus-5
Signed-off-by: Hemanth Selam <hemanth.selam@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260904113257.13594-2-hemanth.selam@gmail.com>
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The example never matched the ISA DMA API: the functions are named
enable_dma(), disable_dma() and get_dma_residue(), clear_dma_ff() takes
the channel number, and claim_dma_lock() returns an unsigned long.
Fixes: ddb99f3d35b1 ("[PATCH] ISA DMA API documentation")
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260905022310.82529-1-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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Commit e3852a1213ff ("maple_tree: Drop bulk insert support") removed
mas_expected_entries() but left the documentation describing it.
Document the current preallocation interface instead.
Fixes: e3852a1213ff ("maple_tree: Drop bulk insert support")
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Nick Huang [sef1548@gmail.com](mailto:sef1548@gmail.com)
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260905015509.76265-1-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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CONFIG_PROVE_SPIN_LOCKING, CONFIG_PROVE_RW_LOCKING,
CONFIG_PROVE_MUTEX_LOCKING and CONFIG_PROVE_RWSEM_LOCKING have never
existed in mainline. Lock proving was merged as the single
CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING, which has depended on CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT
from the start, so there is no reduced set of options without it.
Fixes: 55df314fbdb4 ("[PATCH] lockdep: irqtrace subsystem, docs")
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260905023746.82998-1-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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The Timers section documents the PREEMPT_RT softirq default and
HRTIMER_MODE_HARD, but not the sleeper helper used by userspace sleeps.
Describe that path, and rename "ktimersd" to "ktimers" to match
ksoftirqd naming in this document.
No code or behaviour change.
Signed-off-by: Liang Hao <haohlliang@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260820163858.27984-1-haohlliang@gmail.com>
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The initialization helper is debug_object_init(), not
debug_objects_init().
Fixes: 691cc54c7d28 ("debugobjects: add documentation")
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.6-sol
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260822121651.1559-8-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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The iterative split helper is xas_try_split(), not
xas_try_alloc().
Fixes: 3fec86f8aa8c ("xarray: add xas_try_split() to split a multi-index entry")
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.6-sol
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260822121651.1559-7-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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Use the actual srcu_read_lock_nmisafe() and atomic_long_inc()
helper names.
Fixes: df0cee43114b ("docs: Improve discussion of this_cpu_ptr(), add raw_cpu_ptr()")
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.6-sol
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260822121651.1559-6-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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The DMA helper is named dma_max_mapping_size(), not
dma_map_mapping_size().
Fixes: c93f261dfc39 ("Documentation/core-api: add swiotlb documentation")
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.6-sol
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260822121651.1559-5-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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dma_alloc_attr() does not exist; the allocation API is
dma_alloc_attrs().
Fixes: d5724f172fd1 ("common: DMA-mapping: add DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING attribute")
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.6-sol
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260822121651.1559-4-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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The command is missing grep between the pipe and its pattern.
Fixes: 18404756765c ("genirq: Expose default irq affinity mask (take 3)")
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.6-sol
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260822121651.1559-3-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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The function is named cpuhp_state_remove_instance(), not
cpuhp_remove_instance().
Fixes: c9871c800f65 ("Documentation: core-api/cpuhotplug: Rewrite the API section")
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.6-sol
Signed-off-by: Karl Mehltretter <kmehltretter@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260822121651.1559-2-kmehltretter@gmail.com>
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This is a very useful feature, document it.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260819065714.1358822-1-hch@lst.de>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull more MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- "mm/rmap: index MAP_PRIVATE file-backed folios by anonymous pgoff"
(Lorenzo Stoakes)
Index MAP_PRIVATE file-backed folios by their anonymous page offset
to resolve confusion around reverse mapping for zeroed and CoW'd
file-backed memory.
Use this new VMA anonymous page offset tracking to eliminate index
conflicts and lay the foundation for scalable CoW performance
improvements.
- "promote mapped executable folios after first usage for MGLRU"
(Baolin Wang)
Make MGLRU's protection of mapped executable file folios more
reliable. Follow the classical LRU's logic, promoting mapped
executable file folios after their first usage to give executable
code a better chance to stay in memory and improve workload
performance.
- "mm: vmscan: fix node reclaim ignoring swappiness parameter" (Ridong
Chen)
Fix per-node proactive reclaim interface's ignoring the swappiness
parameter when CONFIG_MEMCG is disabled by consolidating
sc_swappiness() into a single function that checks
proactive_swappiness regardless of kernel configuration.
- "mm/vmscan: reduce lru_lock contention via vmstat-derived
scan-balance cost" (Usama Arif)
Reduce lru_lock contention in the reclaim path by deriving
scan-balance costs from vmstat counters rather than lock-acquired
producer updates.
Read and decay these cost signals on the reclaim side under a
dedicated per-lruvec lock, reducing total LRU lock wait time by over
60% without impacting scan throughput.
- "zram: fix zram issues reported by sashiko" (Sergey Senozhatsky)
Fix two low-risk zram bugs which Sashiko spotted in drive-by review.
- "Honor XA_FLAGS_ACCOUNT in xas_split_alloc() and charge to folio's
memcg" (Zi Yan)
Fix xas_split_alloc() by enabling target folio memcg charging during
splits and adding the missing __GFP_ACCOUNT flag for proper XArray
node memory accounting.
- "selftests/mm: use pattern matching in .gitignore" (Pratyush Mallick)
Replace hardcoded binary names in selftests/mm/.gitignore with a
generic pattern-matching rule to automatically ignore generated test
files and avoid manual updates when adding new tests.
- "mm/page_ext: remove pgdat_page_ext_init()" (Sang-Heon Jeon)
Make the incompatibility between FLATMEM and NUMA explicit in
mm/Kconfig and remove the unused pgdat_page_ext_init() function.
- "zram: fix zstd error paths and add parameter validation" (Haoqin
Huang)
Clean up zram compression backends by removing redundant error
cleanup, adding parameter and dictionary validation, auto-prefixing
algorithm error logs, and resetting parameters prior to
reinitialization.
- "zram: fix stale scan bounds after reinitialization" (Longlong Xia)
Prevent out-of-bounds slot accesses during concurrent zram resets by
moving table scan bound calculations under dev_lock in
writeback_store() and read_block_state().
- "add anon mTHP collapse test cases" (Baolin Wang)
Extend selftests helper functions to support arbitrary page orders
and add new test cases and options for mTHP collapse in khugepaged.
- "selftests/mm: Handle unsupported and transient test conditions"
(Muhammad Usama Anjum)
Update MM selftests to report a SKIP status instead of a failure when
required kernel or filesystem features are unsupported, while adding
retry logic for transient page migration errors.
- "mm/zswap: Fixes and improves the zswap shrink" (Hao Jia)
Fix the missing zswap global shrinker when CONFIG_MEMCG is disabled
and extend shrink_memcg() to support batch writeback for improved
writeback efficiency.
- "alloc_tag: introduce IOCTL-based filtering for MAP" (Suren
Baghdasaryan)
Introduce an IOCTL-based binary interface for memory allocation
profiling that enables kernel-side filtering before per-CPU counter
aggregation.
This eliminates the text-parsing overhead of /proc/allocinfo and
provides up to a 20x speedup by transferring only filtered allocation
data to userspace.
- "better block swap batching and a different take on swap_ops v5"
(Christoph Hellwig)
Refactor block swap I/O to use swap_iocb for batching instead of
single-bio requests and rebase the swap_ops interface, achieving
faster swap throughput during kernel builds.
- "mm: kmemleak: reduce transient false positives by confirming leaks"
(Catalin Marinas)
Reduce false-positive kmemleak reports by combining two kmemleak
enhancements that add a second confirmation scan and a configurable
minimum unreferenced scan count module parameter.
- "mm: kmemleak: default min_unref_scans to 2 for verbose kernels"
(Breno Leitao)
Auto-scanning kernels can generate false-positive memory leak reports
on single scans, so this patch defaults min_unref_scans to 2 when
CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_VERBOSE is enabled to require a second
confirming scan.
- "swap_ops updates" (Christoph Hellwig)
Batching I/O for synchronous swap devices causes performance
regressions and filesystem-based swap suffers from double-indirection
overhead. This series resolves both issues by reintroducing per-folio
writes for synchronous swap and allowing filesystems to directly
export their own swap_ops.
- "mm/khugepaged: several cleanups" (Nico Pache)
khugepaged accumulated redundant state-checking patterns and outdated
comments following mTHP integration. Introduce dedicated helpers for
PTE validation and event counting while refreshing the internal
documentation.
- "maple_tree: lock checking and clean ups" (Liam Howlett)
Syzbot reports incorrectly blame memory management exit paths for
locking bugs, maple tree erase operations risk allocation failures
without gfp flags and internal documentation lacks clarity.
Improve lock error detection, update docs, fix race and allocation
edge cases and optimize erase allocations using a fallback to
GFP_KERNEL | GFP_NOFAIL.
* tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-26-15-22' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (172 commits)
selftests/proc: make proc-maps-race work with READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
memcg: move LRU size accounting on reparenting instead of copying it
mm/vmscan: fix comment logic in balance_pgdat
maple_tree: add helper mas_make_walkable()
maple_tree: avoid extra gap calculation
maple_tree: fix argument name in header
maple_tree: change two GFP flags in tests
maple_tree: document erase and allocations better
maple_tree: avoid mas_erase() and mtree_erase() failures
maple_tree: document that erase may use GFP_KERNEL for allocations
maple_tree: catch race in mas_alloc_cyclic()
maple_tree: add bulk parent set helper
maple_tree: micro optimisation of mas_wr_store_type()
maple_tree: optimise mas_wr_node_store() when not in rcu mode
maple_tree: use prefetched value in mas_wr_store_type()
maple_tree: clarify comments on mas_nomem()
maple_tree: drop MAPLE_ALLOC_SLOTS
maple_tree: drop dead code from mas_extend_spanning_null()
maple_tree: documentation fix
maple_tree: add write lock checking with lockdep sequence numbers
...
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During a discussion on the maple tree erase process and GFP flags, Jason
suggested there be an amendment to the documentation to clarify the
situation on allocations within the tree.
The added text is an attempt to better explain that the tree may allocate,
even when erasing, and provide some guidance on how to work around such
issues.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak mtree_erase() description, per Jason]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260617180419.GA231643@ziepe.ca/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260821192627.4085470-16-liam@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett (Oracle) <liam@infradead.org>
Suggested-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@meta.com>
Cc: Chuck Lever <cel@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
|
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Don't include the word flag in the quotes with the actual flag.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260821192627.4085470-5-liam@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett (Oracle) <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@meta.com>
Cc: Chuck Lever <cel@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux
Pull dma-mapping updates from Marek Szyprowski:
- swiotlb:
- new configuration option for the default pool size
(Jagadeesh Pagadala)
- reduce overhead for high watermark tracking (chenhuguanshen)
- minor code cleanups and improvements (Vova Sharaienko, Honglei Huang
and Marek Szyprowski)
- add proper tracking of the shared DMA state through direct, pool and
swiotlb paths (Aneesh Kumar K.V)
This is important for confidential-computing
* tag 'dma-mapping-7.3-2026-08-24' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux:
dma/swiotlb: decouple high watermark tracking from CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
MAINTAINERS: update tree for DMA MAPPING HELPERS
dma/swiotlb: introduce Kconfig option for compile-time default pool size
dma-direct: Improve readability of the dma_direct_map_sg() for P2PDMA case
iommu/dma: simplify dma_iova_destroy() and drop the free_iova helper
dma-coherent: use KiB in DMA allocation logs
dma-coherent: fix spacing coding style issue
* tag 'dma-mapping-7.3-2026-08-24-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux: (23 commits)
swiotlb: remove unused SWIOTLB_FORCE flag
dma: swiotlb: handle set_memory_decrypted() failures
dma: swiotlb: free dynamic pools from process context
dma-direct: rename ret to cpu_addr in alloc helpers
dma-direct: select DMA address encoding from __DMA_ATTR_ALLOC_CC_SHARED
dma-direct: set decrypted flag for remapped DMA allocations
dma-direct: make dma_direct_map_phys() honor DMA_ATTR_CC_SHARED
dma-direct: Move dma_direct_map_phys() to dma/direct.c
dma-direct: pass attrs to dma_capable() for DMA_ATTR_CC_SHARED checks
dma-mapping: make dma_pgprot() honor __DMA_ATTR_ALLOC_CC_SHARED
dma: swiotlb: track pool encryption state and honor DMA_ATTR_CC_SHARED
dma: swiotlb: pass mapping attributes by reference
dma-pool: track decrypted atomic pools and select them via attrs
dma-direct: use __DMA_ATTR_ALLOC_CC_SHARED in alloc/free paths
dma-mapping: Add internal shared allocation attribute
coco: arm64: s390: powerpc: Mark secure guests with CC_ATTR_GUEST_MEM_ENCRYPT
dma-direct: swiotlb: handle swiotlb alloc/free outside __dma_direct_alloc_pages
s390: Expose protected virtualization through cc_platform_has()
swiotlb: Preserve allocation virtual address for dynamic pools
dma: free atomic pool pages by physical address
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- "mm: drop "sub" prefix from various places" (Dev Jain)
page->folio conversion and a naming cleanup
- "mm/kasan: remove redundant initialization for kasan_flag_write_only"
(Igor Putko)
KASAN cleanup work
- "mm/filemap: reduce unnecessary xarray lookups" (Chi Zhiling)
Small speedup in the pagecaache read code
- "mm/percpu: Fix possible NOFS/NOIO reclaim recursion" (Kaitao Cheng)
Improve the vmalloc code - mainly the avoidance of GFP_KERNEL
allocations when the caller asked for GFP_NOFS or GFP_NOIO
- "mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks" (Breno
Leitao)
Avoid a soft lockup watchdog trigger from the kmemleak scanning code
in extreme situations
- "mm/page_owner: misc cleanups" (Ye Liu)
Cleanups to the page_owner code. For some reason lots of people have
been working on the page_owner code this cycle.
- "mm: convert to walk_page_range_vma() to eliminate find_vma()"
(Kefeng Wang)
Simplify and accelerate the page walking library function
- "mm/migrate: preparatory cleanups for batch copy and offload"
(Shivank Garg)
Cleanups in the migration code
- "mm/page_owner: add per-fd filter infrastructure for print_mode and
NUMA filtering" (Zhen Ni)
Per-fd filtering to page_owner in order to reduce the sometimes vast
amount of output it can produce
- "mm: Refactor bootmem gigantic hugepage allocation" (Muchun Song)
Fixes and preparatory cleanups around bootmem HugeTLB handling,
sparse initialization ordering, and related vmemmap setup
- "mm/zsmalloc: reduce lock contention in zs_free()" (Wenchao Hao)
Reduce lock contention in zs_free(), which dominates the unmap path
under memory pressure on Android (LMK kills) and on x86 servers
running zswap-heavy workloads.
Up to 1.83x improvement in microbenchmarking.
- "move alloc_tag.c file under mm/" (Suren Baghdasaryan)
- "samples/damon: handle damon_{start,stop}() failures" (SJ Park)
Fix improper handling of damon_start(), damon_stop(), and
damon_call() failures across DAMON sample modules to prevent
potential memory leaks, operation disruptions and use-after-free
bugs
- "mm/damon/sysfs: kobject_del() directories that users can
create/remove" (SJ Park)
Fix delayed sysfs directory removal under DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE
causeing creation failures due to duplicate directory names by adding
missing kobject_del() calls before creating new directories
- "mm: cleanup clear_not_present_full_ptes()" (David Hildenbrand)
Clean up the core pte handling code
- "selftests/damon: misc fixes for test bugs" (Kunwu Chan)
Fix several bugs in the DAMON selftests
- "selftests/damon: fix memcg_path staging handling" (Cheng Nie)
Fix a bug in _damon_sysfs.py for damos_filter memcg_path setup, and
add a test case for it in sysfs.py.
- "selftests/damon: test kdamond refresh_ms" (Ruslan Valiyev)
Selftest coverage for DAMON's refresh_ms sysfs feature by updating
the test control module and verifying that scheme stats update
automatically without manual intervention
- "mm/damon: five misc fixups" (Akinobu Mita)
Miscellaneous DAMON fixups.
- "mm/damon/core: detect internal variation above max_nr_regions/2"
(Jiayuan Chen)
Fix DAMON's region splitting behavior when region counts exceed half
the maximum budget by dynamically scaling down the split fraction as
the limit approaches, preventing large regions from staying un-split,
and add corresponding KUnit test coverage
- "mm: preparatory patches for PMD level swap entries" (Usama Arif)
Refactor and clean up PMD softleaf helpers, call sites, and
architecture flags to lay the groundwork for a follow-up series that
introduces PMD page table swap entries
- "mm/damon: update, optimize, and clean up doc, tests, and code" (SJ
Park)
Update DAMON design and ABI documentation, expands unit and selftest
coverage, optimize damon_commit_target_regions(), and clean up
recently added sysfs interface code for better readability
- "mm/vmpressure: reduce CPU, memory and code overhead on cgroup v2"
(Usama Arif)
Optimize vmpressure() by skipping unnecessary work on cgroup v2 for
userspace event notifications and refactor v1-only eventfd handling
into mm/memcontrol-v1.c to reduce memory overhead and code complexity
- "selftests/mm: refactor pkey helpers and fix mmap error handling"
(Hongfu Li)
Refactor pkeys shared tracing and assertion helpers into a common
file, unify protection key selftests to use consistent diagnostic
logging and assertions, and enforce standardized MAP_FAILED return
checks for mmap() calls across the tests
- "mm/damon: optimize out nr_accesses_bp" (SJ Park)
Replace the error-prone, continuously updated nr_accesses_bp field in
damon_region with an on-demand moving sum function, reducing
structure memory overhead and avoiding state corruption bugs
- "Open HugeTLB allocation routine for more generic use" (Ackerley Tng)
Decouple HugeTLB folio allocation from VMA dependencies by
introducing hugetlb_alloc_folio(), enabling subsystems like
guest_memfd to allocate HugeTLB folios without standard VMA
reservations or pseudo-VMAs
- "mm/damon: provide pseudo moving sum probe_hits" (SJ Park)
Integrate DAMON's probe_hits attribute counter into the pseudo moving
sum infrastructure, enabling real-time, online monitoring without
waiting for full aggregation intervals
- "mm: Some cleanups for page allocator APIs" (Brendan Jackman)
Simplify and refactor the page allocator entry points and flags by
unifying allocation paths, adding internal alloc_flags arguments, and
eliminating redundant __ prefixed alloc_pages variants.
- "Fix incorrect access of hugetlb pte entries" (Dev Jain)
Enforce the consistent use of huge_ptep_get() instead of ptep_get()
for HugeTLB entries and fixes an unaligned address issue in arm64's
huge_ptep_get() implementation
- "mm/damon: validate all parameters in the core" (SJ Park)
Consolidate parameter validation into the DAMON core specifically
within damon_start() and damon_commit_ctx() to centralize error
checking, eliminate caller-side redundant checks and to improve
maintenance efficiency
- "tools/mm/page_owner_sort: fix filtering and cleanup issues" (Yichong
Chen)
Rename is_need() to filter_record() for clearer return semantics, fix
per-record allocation memory leaks and bound output copies in
search_pattern() to address an existing buffer issue
- "memcg: bail out reclaim when memcg is dying" (Jiayuan Chen)
Mitigate a system-wide stall which occurs when a cgroup is removed
while one of its memory control files is doing synchronous reclaim
- "mm/memory-failure: add panic option for unrecoverable pages" (Breno
Leitao)
Introduce an opt-in vm.panic_on_unrecoverable_memory_failure sysctl
that immediately panics the kernel on unrecoverable memory errors in
kernel-owned pages to preserve error context and prevent delayed,
silent data corruption
- "mm/damon: refactor damon_{start,stop,commit}() for simple error
handling" (SJ Park)
Refactor the DAMON core API functions to guarantee that all contexts
are fully stopped when damon_start(), damon_stop(), or damon_commit()
fail, eliminating the need for complex and error-prone caller-side
cleanup code
- "Keep tail page private zero at free and folio split" (Zi Yan)
Add checks to ensure tail_page->private is zero when freeing compound
or high-order pages and when promoting tail pages during large folio
splits. By validating these fields at free and split time, it allows
the removal of redundant private field clearing inside
prep_compound_tail()
- "mm: drop redundant lru_add_drain in anon folio reuse paths" (Barry
Song)
Eliminate redundant lru_add_drain() calls in
wp_can_reuse_anon_folio() and do_swap_page() to reduce LRU lock
contention and system overhead
By validating folio refcounts against the LRU cache before draining
and removing unnecessary drains in the swap path, it achieves up to a
30.5% reduction in drain calls during heavy swap workloads
- "mm: clean up folio LRU and swap declarations" (Jianyue Wu)
Reorganize folio LRU and swap code by relocating page-cluster state
to mm/swap_state.c, renaming mm/swap.c to mm/folio.c, and moving
MM-internal reclaim declarations into mm/internal.h.
- "userfaultfd: working set tracking for VM guest memory" (Kiryl
Shutsemau)
Add userfaultfd support for tracking the working set of VM guest
memory, so a VMM can identify hot pages and reclaim cold ones to
tiered or remote storage
- "mm: remove CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE (Part 2)" (David
Hildenbrand)
Remove the remaining pieces of CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE,
performing some smaller cleanups around freeing of reserved vmemmap
pages on the way.
- "mm/damon: update probe hits for runtime parameter commits" (SJ Park)
Ensure that DAMON's probe_hits attribute counter is properly updated
when monitoring intervals are changed at runtime, matching the
behavior of nr_accesses. To achieve this, it refactors and renames
existing helper functions for shared use, applies the updates to
probe_hits, and handles edge cases in damon_probe_hits_mvsum() to
maintain measurement accuracy.
- "KSM: performance optimizations for rmap_walk_ksm" (xu xin)
Resolve a severe KSM reverse-mapping performance bottleneck where
thousands of split VMAs sharing a single anon_vma cause extended lock
contention.
By adding an interval-filtering check during the rmap walk, it
reduces worst-case anon_vma lock hold times from over 500ms down to
under 2ms, preventing application freezes and latency spikes under
memory pressure.
- "mm: split a couple of headers from internal.h" (Mike Rapoport)
Split declarations related to mm_init, memblock, vmalloc and sparse
into new headers
- "KSM: use linear_page_index in collect_procs_ksm()" (xu xin)
Apply the interval tree optimization from rmap_walk_ksm() to
collect_procs_ksm() to avoid iterating over non-matching VMAs during
KSM memory error handling.
It hoists loop-invariant address initialization and restricts the
anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach walk to a targeted page offset range,
reducing redundant checks and improving lookup efficiency.
- "selftests/mm: avoid false failures in hugetlb and KSM tests" (Sayali
Patil)
Fix issues in the hugetlb and KSM MM selftest categories that can
report failures when the prerequisites for the tests are not
satisfied
- "mm/damon: introduce data attributes only monitoring" (SJ Park)
Introduce attribute-weighted region management in DAMON, allowing
users to prioritize specific data attributes (such as page sizes or
cgroups) over or instead of access monitoring.
By assigning weights to attribute probes, DAMON can completely
disable access tracking and adjust monitoring regions based on
weighted probe-hit counters to optimize monitoring quality for
attribute-focused workloads.
- "mm/hmm: Add mmap lock-drop support for userfaultfd-backed mappings"
(Stanislav Kinsburskii)
Extend hmm_range_fault() to support userfaultfd-backed regions by
allowing the mmap lock to be dropped during fault handling via a new
hmm_range_fault_locked() helper.
By accepting a locked pointer and signaling retry status when lock
release occurs, it enables page fault resolution in userfaultfd
regions while preserving backward compatibility for existing callers.
- "mm: make VMA page offset handling more consistent" (Lorenzo Stoakes)
Clean up and standardize how vma->vm_pgoff is accessed and
manipulated across file-backed and anonymous mappings in the kernel
It introduces dedicated helper functions such as vma_start_pgoff(),
vma_end_pgoff(), vma_set_pgoff() and linear_page_delta() while
renaming rmap interval tree helpers to better reflect their
functionality.
These changes establish a cleaner foundation for future work that
will unify virtual page offset indexing for all anonymous and CoW'd
folios.
- "mm: handle device-private PMDs in walk callbacks" (Usama Arif)
Address kernel panics and state corruption caused by MM walk
callbacks reaching non-present device-private PMD swap entries
created during HMM migrations
It ensures that functions which acquire pmd_trans_huge_lock()
properly recognize device-private PMDs instead of assuming a present
THP or a standard migration entry.
- "mm/rmap: Refactor try_to_unmap_one" (Dev Jain)
Refactor try_to_unmap_one by modularizing Hugetlb,
anonymous-lazyfree, and anonymous-swapbacked logic into dedicated
functions, laying the structural groundwork for batched anonymous
large folio unmapping.
- "Docs/ABI/damon: sysfs ABI document fixes and additions" (Song Hu)
Fix typos and fills in missing entries in the DAMON sysfs ABI
document
- "dax/kmem: atomic whole-device hotplug via sysfs" (Gregory Price)
Introduce an atomic sysfs state attribute and supporting DAX/MM
infrastructure to prevent userland races when offlining and removing
entire memory regions
By adding an unplugged state alongside standard online modes, it
enables whole-device atomic hotplug control while preserving backward
compatibility.
- "mm: convert more vm_flags_t users to vma_flags_t" (Lorenzo Stoakes)
Continue transitioning the kernel from the deprecated vm_flags_t type
to vma_flags_t across core memory management infrastructure.
It replaces legacy type usage in core functions such as do_mmap(),
unmapped area allocation, mm->def_vma_flags, and VMA operations like
mlock, mprotect, and mremap.
- "Two small patches to clean up mm/mm_slot.h" (xu xin)
Refactor mm_slot.h by introducing mm_slot_remove() to unify duplicate
slot deletion sequences in khugepaged and KSM. It also adds code
documentation explaining why mm_slot_lookup and mm_slot_insert must
remain as preprocessor macros rather than static inline functions.
- "mm/damon/core: hide core-private struct fields" (SJ Park)
Clean up DAMON core structures by consistently marking internal-only
fields with private: comment tags to prevent improper direct access
from outer layers.
It enforces encapsulation across core structures including
damon_region, damon_target, and damon_ctx and updates DAMON_SYSFS to
interact through approved access APIs instead of exposing raw struct
members.
- "mm/damon: unurgent fixes for infinite loop, NULL de-ref and races"
(SJ Park)
Address potential infinite loops, NULL dereferences, and race
conditions identified in DAMON
It fixes an infinite loop triggered by extreme user configurations, a
NULL pointer dereference within unit tests and minor monitoring
accuracy degradation caused by subtle runtime races.
- "mm/page_alloc: fixes for free_pages_nolock() on RT/UP" (Brendan
Jackman)
Fix an NMI safety flaw in __free_frozen_pages() where freeing pages
on non-SMP or PREEMPT_RT kernels can bypass can_spin_trylock() checks
via non-PCP or isolated migration paths.
It also resolves potential kernel crashes and privilege escalation
risks triggered when BPF tracing runs in NMI context alongside memory
hotplug or large allocation frees.
- "mm/page_alloc: couple of followups for recent cleanups" (Brendan
Jackman)
Clean up and update page allocator nomenclature, documentation, and
debug assertions.
It aligns internal FPI_ flags with the public "nolock" naming
convention, removes outdated internal implementation details from
high-level page allocator comments, and eliminates obsolete
VM_BUG_ON() assertions in allocation paths.
- "mm/mseal: further cleanups" (Lorenzo Stoakes)
Refactor and simplify the mseal implementation by clarifying API
boundaries and removing unnecessary code complexity.
It replaces generic do_mseal() usage outside the syscall with a
dedicated mseal_mmap_page_zero() helper for MMAP_PAGE_ZERO,
eliminates mm_struct parameters to enforce that sealing applies only
to current->mm, and streamlines overall logic and comments with no
functional changes intended.
- "mm/vmscan: fix swappiness=max and clean up per-node proactive
reclaim" (Ridong Chen)
Resolve reclaim behavior bugs and clean up function parameters across
memory reclaim paths
It fixes swappiness=max in both standard reclaim and MGLRU so
unswappable anonymous memory no longer falls back to evicting page
cache, ensures reclaim_store() returns accurate error codes instead
of collapsing all failures into -EAGAIN, and removes the obsolete
gfp_mask parameter from __node_reclaim().
- "mm: mincore: misc cleanups" (Kefeng Wang)
Clean up and simplifies the mincore code. Most importantly, it
removes the historical special behavior that always reports VM_PFNMAP
pages as non-resident.
- "mm/huge_memory: drop dead split helper variants" (Kiryl Shutsemau)
Two trivial cleanups in the folio split API
- "mm/damon: fix uninitialized DAMOS field and kunit exec expectation
bugs" (SJ Park)
Resolve minor operational and testing bugs in DAMON identified by
Sashiko. It initializes the damos->last_applied field to prevent
occasional efficiency degradation and fixes invalid memory accesses
in DAMON KUnit tests during test failure handling.
- "cleanup for stable_page_flags()" (Jinjiang Tu)
Clean up and refactor stable_page_flags() used by /proc/kpageflags
without altering functionality.
It uses BIT_ULL() to prevent shift-overflow warnings on 64-bit flag
bits, converts folio-specific flag checks to standard folio_test_*()
helpers, and removes redundant CONFIG_PAGE_IDLE_FLAG handling.
- "Batch unmap of uffd-wp file folios" (Dev Jain)
Extend batched folio unmapping support to file folios within
userfaultfd write-protect (uffd-wp) VMAs by adding batching
capabilities to pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed().
This removes special-case restrictions on uffd-wp VMAs in
try_to_unmap_one(), significantly simplifying the function's control
flow and complexity.
- "mm/early_ioremap: clarify and clean up early_ioremap_reset()"
(Sang-Heon Jeon)
Clarify and clean up the architecture-specific usage of
__late_set_fixmap() and __late_clear_fixmap() after
early_ioremap_reset()
It adds explicit documentation regarding when early_ioremap_reset()
must be called and removes redundant macro definitions and reset
calls in the RISC-V and ARM64 architectures.
- "mm: fix reclaim storms in defrag_mode" (Johannes Weiner)
Address severe performance regressions, swap storms, and spurious
OOMs caused by vm.defrag_mode=1 under high memory pressure in Meta
production
It updates the page allocator slowpath so non-movable allocation
requests actively trigger direct reclaim and direct compaction at
pageblock_order scale, allowing them to claim whole pageblocks rather
than spinning unproductively.
- "zram: lockmap tweaks" (Sebastian Siewior)
Optimize and fix lockdep tracking for zram devices by consolidating
per-entry lockmaps and isolate lock classes across multiple instances
This reduces memory overhead by replacing per-entry lockdep_map
instances with a single map per struct zram, and assigns a dynamic
lock_class_key to each instance to prevent false deadlock reports
when different zram devices are backed by distinct filesystems.
* tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-18-18-39' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (501 commits)
selftests/mm: thuge-gen: fix test_shmget() for PAGE_SIZE check
selftests/mm: unpoison pages in memory-failure teardown
mm/shmem: downgrade final i_blocks check in shmem_evict_inode() to pr_warn()
mm/khugepaged: replace mutex_lock/mutex_unlock usage with guard macro
mm/zsmalloc: fix release order of locks in zs_page_migrate()
Documentation: zram: remove sections numbering
ksm: stop iterating VMAs when ksm_test_exit returns true
mm: fold userfaultfd_rwp() to false without CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_PROTNONE
mm/migrate: report RCU-tasks quiescent states in migrate_pages_batch()
zram: use a custom key for each zram object
zram: move lockmap to be per-zram instead per table
selftests/mm: fix gup_longterm EINVAL error message
mm: page_alloc: fix non-movable reclaim storm in defrag_mode
mm: page_alloc: move capture_control to the page allocator
mm: compaction: support non-movable compaction for pageblock requests
mm: page_alloc: __GFP_FS lockdep annotation for direct compaction
hugetlb: evaluate subpool free state while locked
mm/damon: remove trailing semicolons after function definitions
mm/damon/ops-common: prevent migration fallback to non-target nodes
mm/damon: update outdated comment about DAMOS filter handling
...
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Pull workqueue updates from Tejun Heo:
- Worker wakeups moved out of pool->lock on the hot paths, shortening
lock hold times. The wakeup can be expensive on arm64 due to the idle
wakeup IPI, and the change improves the workqueue microbenchmark
there by up to 10%
- Stall diagnostics now report pools stuck with no running worker, with
a backtrace of what the CPU is executing and the likely culprit
worker, instead of dumping every in-flight worker
- Preparation for turning per-cpu workqueues into an affinity scope of
unbound workqueues instead of a separate backend
- Race annotations for KCSAN and sparse warnings, and doc and
monitoring script fixes
* tag 'wq-for-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq: (23 commits)
workqueue: annotate racy p->wake_cpu accesses in kick_pool_pick()
workqueue: BUG_ON() instead of returning NULL in wq_node_nr_active()
workqueue: use RCU accessors when populating wq->cpu_pwq
workqueue: use rcu_dereference_sched() in workqueue_congested()
workqueue: skip the node_nr_active update for non-unbound workqueues
workqueue: rename alloc_unbound_pwq() to alloc_pwq()
workqueue: allocate attrs for all workqueues
workqueue: rename wq->unbound_attrs to wq->attrs
workqueue: test WQ_UNBOUND explicitly in the hotplug loops
workqueue: account nr_active by the backing pool
workqueue: release pwq pools by pool type
workqueue: factor out alloc_and_link_percpu_pwqs()
workqueue: factor out get_percpu_pool()
docs: workqueue: Fix bracket
workqueue: annotate racy sum_exec_runtime reads for CPU-intensive detection
workqueue: annotate racy PWQ_STAT_CPU_TIME update in wq_worker_tick()
workqueue: dump the last woken worker for stalled pools
workqueue: trigger a single-CPU backtrace for stalled pools
workqueue: only show running workers in stall diagnostics
workqueue: defer the worker wakeup outside pool->lock in process_one_work()
...
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Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"It has been a not-too-busy cycle for docs; here's the highlights:
- A (hopefully) consensus change to our LLM-attribution requirements,
removing the specific model name from the Assisted-by tag
- A couple of new realtime documents
- Various docs-build-system fixes
- Ongoing work with the Chinese, Portuguese, and Japanese
translations
...and lots of typo fixes, grammar tweaks, etc"
* tag 'docs-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/docs/linux: (85 commits)
Doc: admin-guide: pm: Remove unnecessary backticks and fix a spell
Documentation: Extend the real-time hardware bits with some firmware bits
docs: pt_BR: Reorganize process/index.rst to follow english structure
docs: conf.py: fix the 'utf-8' typo
doc tools: fix 'path' typos
Documentation: real-time: Add kernel configuration guide
docs: python: abi_regex: convert adjacent index placeholders
docs: python: abi_regex: catch the right exception for a bad regex
docs: sphinx-build-wrapper: include localversion in kernel version string
Documentation: html: adjust sidebar section titles styling
Documentation: html: show sections in the sidebar
checkpatch.pl: adapt to new Assisted-by: format
MAINTAINERS: update Traditional Chinese documentation maintainers
docs: pt_BR: process: Translate CVE documentation
docs: pt_BR: translate the management-style.rst to Brazilian Portuguese
docs: xforms_lists: support DEFINE_IDTENTRY_IRQ()
coding-assistants: simplify attribution
docs: translations: pt_BR: translate email-clients.rst
docs: pt_BR: process: Translate the security-bugs.rst
doc:it_IT: align doc-guide translation
...
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I have been reviewing how OP‑TEE is implemented and how secure‑world
invocations behave. The goal was to determine whether an OP‑TEE call can
delay the Linux side and introduce latency depending on the time spent
in the secure world.
Similar latency effects are already known for EFI runtime services, but
this was not documented. To mitigate the impact, EFI runtime invocations
can be restricted to specific CPUs so that real‑time workloads on other
CPUs remain unaffected. This mechanism, however, is only described in
the commit that introduced it.
This change adds a firmware section that documents these behaviours
explicitly. It highlights cases where firmware can delay the kernel,
information that may be unfamiliar to some users and surprising-or
concerning-to others.
Assisted-by: Microsoft-Copilot
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260718175041.QXn9iOFK@linutronix.de>
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Add a configuration guide for real-time kernels.
List all Kconfig options that are recommended to be either enabled or
disabled. Explicitly add a table of contents at the top of the document,
so that all the options can be seen in a glance.
Whenever appropriate, link to other kernel guides; e.g. cpuidle, cpufreq,
power management, workqueues, and no_hz.
Add a summary at the end of the document warning users that there is no
"one size fits all solution" for configuring a real-time system.
Signed-off-by: Ahmed S. Darwish <darwi@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260804141541.747704-2-darwi@linutronix.de>
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Rename mm/swap.c to mm/folio.c so the filename better matches the code's
main responsibility.
This keeps the implementation split from swap-specific code without
changing the published LRU helper interfaces.
Update MAINTAINERS and the remaining mm/swap.c documentation references
after the rename.
[wujianyue000@gmail.com: MAINTAINERS: move mm/folio.c to MM CORE]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260804111109.393127-1-wujianyue000@gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260708-ch-swap-series-plus-folio-lru-cleanup-v9-2-2bc72b4f8730@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jianyue Wu <wujianyue000@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>
Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com>
Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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DMA_ATTR_CC_SHARED describes an existing DMA mapping whose backing memory
is already shared, or decrypted, for confidential computing. It is a
mapping attribute: callers use it to request a shared DMA address encoding
for memory that has already been prepared for shared DMA.
Allocation paths need a related but different state. Once the DMA core
decides that an allocation must use shared backing pages, the lower-level
allocation helpers need to select shared pools, decrypt newly allocated
pages, derive the DMA address with the shared-memory translation and
restore encryption on free. That state is internal to the DMA-mapping
implementation and should not be passed by drivers to dma_alloc_attrs().
Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V (Arm) <aneesh.kumar@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Mostafa Saleh <smostafa@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260717180442.110954-10-aneesh.kumar@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
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There's four functions in this header file with kernel-doc; add them to
the htmldocs.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260615162244.2170866-1-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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min_heap_empty()
min_heap_empty()/min_heap_empty_inline() are documented as part of
the Min Heap API, but no such functions or macros exist in
include/linux/min_heap.h or lib/min_heap.c. Remove the stale
description.
Acked-by: Kuan-Wei Chiu <visitorckw@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jyun-An Chen <jun930436@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260722044236.6346-1-jun930436@gmail.com>
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execution
The return values of syscall_enter_from_user_mode[_work]() are
non-intuitive. Both functions return the syscall number which should be
invoked by the architecture specific syscall entry code. The returned
number can be:
- the unmodified syscall number which was handed in by the caller
- a modified syscall number (ptrace, seccomp, trace/probe/bpf)
That has an additional twist. If the return value is -1L then the caller is
not allowed to modify the return value as that indicates that the modifying
entity requests to abort the syscall and set the return value already. That
can obviously not be differentiated from a syscall which handed in -1 as
syscall number.
The most trivial way to deal with that is:
set_return_value(regs, -ENOSYS);
nr = syscall_enter_from_user_mode(regs, nr);
if (valid(nr))
handle_syscall(regs, nr);
That's what LOONGARCH, RISCV, and X86 do. But PowerPC and S390 do not
preset the return value, so when user space hands in -1 and there is
nothing setting the return value in the entry work code, then the syscall
is skipped but the return value is whatever random data has been in the
return value register.
Change the return values of syscall_enter_from_user_mode[_work]() to
boolean and return false, when either ptrace or seccomp request to skip the
syscall. If they return true, update the syscall number as it might have
been changed.
That results in slightly different behaviour of the architectures versus
tracing.
If the syscall tracepoint has probe/BPF attached, those might set the
syscall number to -1 and also set the return value. PowerPC and S390 will
then overwrite that value with -ENOSYS. The other architectures will just
ignore it like any other invalid syscall and use the modified one.
Originally-by: Michal Suchánek <msuchanek@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Michal Suchánek <msuchanek@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260712141346.772209074@kernel.org
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The SWIOTLB bounce buffer pool size is hardcoded at 64 MB via
IO_TLB_DEFAULT_SIZE with no compile-time knob to adjust it. On
memory-constrained embedded or mobile platforms equipped with a
hardware IOMMU (e.g., ARM SMMU) covering most DMA-capable devices,
reserving 64 MB at boot is unnecessarily wasteful — the SWIOTLB is
only exercised for devices that bypass the IOMMU or have restricted
DMA address ranges.
Introduce CONFIG_SWIOTLB_DEFAULT_SIZE_MB, an integer Kconfig option
(range 1–64 MB, default 64) that allows platforms to set a smaller
compile-time default. IO_TLB_DEFAULT_SIZE is updated to derive from
this value when CONFIG_SWIOTLB is enabled, preserving the existing
64 MB default when the option is not configured.
The runtime "swiotlb=<nslabs>" kernel parameter override remains
fully supported and takes precedence over the compile-time default.
Signed-off-by: Jagadeesh Pagadala <jpagadal@qti.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Bibek Kumar Patro <bibek.patro@oss.qualcomm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260702-swiotlb-v2-1-9205f3ba5408@oss.qualcomm.com
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
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Remove single ')'.
Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner <manuelebner@mailbox.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260708194821.357548-2-manuelebner@mailbox.org>
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Add missing ')' to nested functions of code block.
Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner <manuelebner@mailbox.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260709092900.380694-1-manuelebner@mailbox.org>
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Add missing ')' to sentence.
Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner <manuelebner@mailbox.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260709115008.387869-3-manuelebner@mailbox.org>
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Add two ')' to nested functions in code block.
Fixes: a9ad2a8dfb43 ("lib: packing: document recently added APIs")
Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner <manuelebner@mailbox.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260710060346.417669-2-manuelebner@mailbox.org>
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Add SMP primitives to the core-api documentation.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260625210331.1050915-1-rdunlap@infradead.org>
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All architecture use either:
nr = syscall_enter_from_user_mode_randomize_stack(regs, nr);
or
enter_from_user_mode_randomize_stack(regs);
nr = syscall_enter_from_user_mode_work(regs, nr);
Remove the now unused function.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya (IBM) <mkchauras@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya (IBM) <mkchauras@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260707190254.132654198@kernel.org
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Add missing ')'.
Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner <manuelebner@mailbox.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux
Pull liveupdate updates from Mike Rapoport:
"Kexec Handover (KHO):
- make memory preservation compatible with deferred initialization
of the memory map
Live Update Orchestrator (LUO):
- add LIVEUPDATE_SESSION_GET_NAME ioctl and parameter verification
for LIVEUPDATE_IOCTL_CREATE_SESSION ioctl
- documentation updates for liveupdate=on command line option,
systemd support and the current compatibility status
- remove the fixed limits on the number of files that can be
preserved within a single session, and the total number of
sessions managed by the LUO
Misc fixes:
- reference count incoming File-Lifecycle-Bound (FLB) data so
it cannot be freed while a subsystem is still using it
- fixes for a TOCTOU race in luo_session_retrieve(), a use-
after-free in the file finish and unpreserve paths, concurrent
session mutations during reboot and serialization on
preserve_context kexec
- make sure ioctls for incoming LUO sessions are blocked for
outgoing sessions and vice versa
- make sure KHO scratch size is always aligned by
CMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT_BYTES
- fix memblock tests build issue introduced by KHO changes"
* tag 'liveupdate-v7.2-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux: (36 commits)
liveupdate: Document that retrieve failure is permanent
docs: memfd_preservation: fix rendering of ABI documentation
selftests/liveupdate: Add stress-files kexec test
selftests/liveupdate: Add stress-sessions kexec test
selftests/liveupdate: Test session and file limit removal
liveupdate: Remove limit on the number of files per session
liveupdate: Remove limit on the number of sessions
liveupdate: defer session block allocation and physical address setting
kho: add support for linked-block serialization
liveupdate: Extract luo_session_deserialize_one helper
liveupdate: Extract luo_file_deserialize_one helper
liveupdate: register luo_ser as KHO subtree
liveupdate: centralize state management into struct luo_ser
liveupdate: avoid mixing cleanup guards with goto in luo_session_retrieve_fd
liveupdate: change file_set->count type to u64 for type safety
liveupdate: Remove unused ser field from struct luo_session
liveupdate: fix u-a-f in luo_file_unpreserve_files() and luo_file_finish()
liveupdate: block session mutations during reboot
liveupdate: fix TOCTOU race in luo_session_retrieve()
liveupdate: skip serialization for context-preserving kexec
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/printk/linux
Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- Add upper case flavor for printing MAC addresses (%p[mM][U]) and use
it in the nintendo driver
- Fix matching of hash_pointers= parameter modes
- Fix size check of vsprintf() field_width and precision values
- Add check of size returned by vsprintf()
- Add KUnit test for restricted pointer printing (%pK)
- Some code cleanup
* tag 'printk-for-7.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/printk/linux:
HID: nintendo: Use %pM format specifier for MAC addresses
vsprintf: Add upper case flavour to %p[mM]
lib/vsprintf: replace min_t/max_t with min/max
printk: fix typos in comments
lib/vsprintf: Require exact hash_pointers mode matches
vsprintf: Add test for restricted kernel pointers
vsprintf: Only export no_hash_pointers to test module
lib/vsprintf: Limit the returning size to INT_MAX
lib/vsprintf: Fix to check field_width and precision
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux
Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
- NVMe pull request via Keith:
- Per-controller admin and IO timeout sysfs attributes, and
letting the block layer set request timeouts (Maurizio,
Maximilian)
- Multipath passthrough iostats, and PCI P2PDMA enablement for
multipath devices (Keith, Kiran)
- A new diag sysfs attribute group exporting per-controller
counters (retries, multipath failover, error counters, requeue
and failure counts, reset and reconnect events) (Nilay)
- FDP configuration validation and bounds check fixes (liuxixin)
- Various nvmet fixes, including a pre-auth out-of-bounds read in
the Discovery Get Log Page handler, auth payload bounds
validation, and tcp error-path leak fixes (Bryam, Tianchu,
Geliang)
- nvme-tcp lockdep and workqueue fixes (Shin'ichiro, Kuniyuki,
Eric)
- Assorted other fixes and cleanups (John, Yao, Chao, Mateusz,
Achkinazi, Wentao)
- MD pull request via Yu Kuai:
- raid1/raid10 fixes for a deadlock in the read error recovery
path, error-path detection and bio accounting with cloned bios,
and an nr_pending leak in the REQ_ATOMIC bad-block error path
(Abd-Alrhman)
- PCI P2PDMA propagation from member devices to the RAID device
(Kiran)
- dm-raid bio requeue fix, and various smaller fixes and cleanups
(Benjamin, Chen, Li, Thorsten)
- Enable Clang lock context analysis for the block layer, with the
accompanying annotations across queue limits, the blk_holder_ops
callbacks, crypto, cgroup, iocost, kyber and mq-deadline (Bart)
- Block status code infrastructure work: a tagged status table, a
str_to_blk_op() helper, a bio_endio_status() helper, and on top of
that a new configurable block-layer error injection facility
(Christoph)
- DRBD netlink rework, replacing the genl_magic machinery with explicit
netlink serialization and moving the DRBD UAPI headers to
include/uapi/linux/ (Christoph Böhmwalder)
- bvec improvements: a bvec_folio() helper and making the bvec_iter
helpers proper inline functions (Willy, Christoph)
- ublk cleanups and a canceling-flag fix for the disk-not-allocated
case (Caleb, Ming)
- Partition handling fixes: bound the AIX pp_count scan, fix an of_node
refcount leak, and replace __get_free_page() with kmalloc() (Bryam,
Wentao, Mike)
- Convert numa_node to int in blk_mq_hw_ctx and ->init_request, and add
WQ_PERCPU to the block workqueue users (Mateusz, Marco)
- Block statistics and tracing: propagate in-flight to the whole disk
on partition IO, export passthrough stats, and a new
block_rq_tag_wait tracepoint (Tang, Keith, Aaron)
- A round of removals, unexports and cleanups across bio, direct-io and
the bvec helpers (Christoph)
- Various driver fixes (mtip32xx use-after-free, rbd snap_count
validation and strscpy conversion, nbd socket lockdep reclassify,
virtio-blk zone report clamp, floppy) and a batch of MAINTAINERS
email/list updates (Coly, Li, Yu, Christoph Böhmwalder)
- Other little fixes and cleanups all over
* tag 'for-7.2/block-20260615' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux: (117 commits)
MAINTAINERS: Update Coly Li's email address
block: check bio split for unaligned bvec
nbd: Reclassify sockets to avoid lockdep circular dependency
block: add configurable error injection
block: add a str_to_blk_op helper
block: add a "tag" for block status codes
block: add a macro to initialize the status table
floppy: Drop unused pnp driver data
block: propagate in_flight to whole disk on partition I/O
virtio-blk: clamp zone report to the report buffer capacity
block: optimize I/O merge hot path with unlikely() hints
drivers/block/rbd: Use strscpy() to copy strings into arrays
partitions: aix: bound the pp_count scan to the ppe array
block: Enable lock context analysis
block/mq-deadline: Make the lock context annotations compatible with Clang
block/Kyber: Make the lock context annotations compatible with Clang
block/blk-mq-debugfs: Improve lock context annotations
block/blk-iocost: Inline iocg_lock() and iocg_unlock()
block/blk-iocost: Split ioc_rqos_throttle()
block/crypto: Annotate the crypto functions
...
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