kconfig: prevent out-of-bounds user input for numeric options

Currently, user input of out-of-bounds values for 'int' and 'hex' options
is possible, leading to later silent failures in Kconfig if that value is
used in a comparison, or a warning by GCC or error by Clang if used in the
C code.

Let's factor out the out-of-bounds check on constants, so that it can be
reused for checking user input.

The frontend will now reject an attempted user input of an out-of-bounds
numeric value, similarly to how a value outside the active 'range' already
does.

For migration of existing configurations, a .config file with an
out-of-bounds numeric value will be allowed for now, but will warn the
user when read in by confdata.c

Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Julian Braha <julianbraha@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <n.schier@fritz.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260915211508.291790-5-julianbraha@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>

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