diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/security')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/security/IMA-templates.rst | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/security/SCTP.rst | 26 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/security/index.rst | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst | 85 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/security/landlock.rst | 17 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/security/secrets/coco.rst | 103 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/security/secrets/index.rst | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/security/siphash.rst | 46 |
8 files changed, 246 insertions, 52 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/security/IMA-templates.rst b/Documentation/security/IMA-templates.rst index 1a91d92950a7..15b4add314fc 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/IMA-templates.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/IMA-templates.rst @@ -66,12 +66,13 @@ descriptors by adding their identifier to the format string calculated with the SHA1 or MD5 hash algorithm; - 'n': the name of the event (i.e. the file name), with size up to 255 bytes; - 'd-ng': the digest of the event, calculated with an arbitrary hash - algorithm (field format: [<hash algo>:]digest, where the digest - prefix is shown only if the hash algorithm is not SHA1 or MD5); + algorithm (field format: <hash algo>:digest); + - 'd-ngv2': same as d-ng, but prefixed with the "ima" or "verity" digest type + (field format: <digest type>:<hash algo>:digest); - 'd-modsig': the digest of the event without the appended modsig; - 'n-ng': the name of the event, without size limitations; - - 'sig': the file signature, or the EVM portable signature if the file - signature is not found; + - 'sig': the file signature, based on either the file's/fsverity's digest[1], + or the EVM portable signature, if 'security.ima' contains a file hash. - 'modsig' the appended file signature; - 'buf': the buffer data that was used to generate the hash without size limitations; - 'evmsig': the EVM portable signature; @@ -88,7 +89,9 @@ Below, there is the list of defined template descriptors: - "ima": its format is ``d|n``; - "ima-ng" (default): its format is ``d-ng|n-ng``; + - "ima-ngv2": its format is ``d-ngv2|n-ng``; - "ima-sig": its format is ``d-ng|n-ng|sig``; + - "ima-sigv2": its format is ``d-ngv2|n-ng|sig``; - "ima-buf": its format is ``d-ng|n-ng|buf``; - "ima-modsig": its format is ``d-ng|n-ng|sig|d-modsig|modsig``; - "evm-sig": its format is ``d-ng|n-ng|evmsig|xattrnames|xattrlengths|xattrvalues|iuid|igid|imode``; diff --git a/Documentation/security/SCTP.rst b/Documentation/security/SCTP.rst index d5fd6ccc3dcb..b73eb764a001 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/SCTP.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/SCTP.rst @@ -15,10 +15,7 @@ For security module support, three SCTP specific hooks have been implemented:: security_sctp_assoc_request() security_sctp_bind_connect() security_sctp_sk_clone() - -Also the following security hook has been utilised:: - - security_inet_conn_established() + security_sctp_assoc_established() The usage of these hooks are described below with the SELinux implementation described in the `SCTP SELinux Support`_ chapter. @@ -122,11 +119,12 @@ calls **sctp_peeloff**\(3). @newsk - pointer to new sock structure. -security_inet_conn_established() -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Called when a COOKIE ACK is received:: +security_sctp_assoc_established() +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Called when a COOKIE ACK is received, and the peer secid will be +saved into ``@asoc->peer_secid`` for client:: - @sk - pointer to sock structure. + @asoc - pointer to sctp association structure. @skb - pointer to skbuff of the COOKIE ACK packet. @@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ Security Hooks used for Association Establishment ------------------------------------------------- The following diagram shows the use of ``security_sctp_bind_connect()``, -``security_sctp_assoc_request()``, ``security_inet_conn_established()`` when +``security_sctp_assoc_request()``, ``security_sctp_assoc_established()`` when establishing an association. :: @@ -172,7 +170,7 @@ establishing an association. <------------------------------------------- COOKIE ACK | | sctp_sf_do_5_1E_ca | - Call security_inet_conn_established() | + Call security_sctp_assoc_established() | to set the peer label. | | | | If SCTP_SOCKET_TCP or peeled off @@ -198,7 +196,7 @@ hooks with the SELinux specifics expanded below:: security_sctp_assoc_request() security_sctp_bind_connect() security_sctp_sk_clone() - security_inet_conn_established() + security_sctp_assoc_established() security_sctp_assoc_request() @@ -271,12 +269,12 @@ sockets sid and peer sid to that contained in the ``@asoc sid`` and @newsk - pointer to new sock structure. -security_inet_conn_established() -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +security_sctp_assoc_established() +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Called when a COOKIE ACK is received where it sets the connection's peer sid to that in ``@skb``:: - @sk - pointer to sock structure. + @asoc - pointer to sctp association structure. @skb - pointer to skbuff of the COOKIE ACK packet. diff --git a/Documentation/security/index.rst b/Documentation/security/index.rst index 16335de04e8c..6ed8d2fa6f9e 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/index.rst @@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ Security Documentation tpm/index digsig landlock + secrets/index diff --git a/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst b/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst index 80d5a5af62a1..0bfb4c339748 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst @@ -35,6 +35,13 @@ safe. Rooted to Hardware Unique Key (HUK) which is generally burnt in on-chip fuses and is accessible to TEE only. + (3) CAAM (Cryptographic Acceleration and Assurance Module: IP on NXP SoCs) + + When High Assurance Boot (HAB) is enabled and the CAAM is in secure + mode, trust is rooted to the OTPMK, a never-disclosed 256-bit key + randomly generated and fused into each SoC at manufacturing time. + Otherwise, a common fixed test key is used instead. + * Execution isolation (1) TPM @@ -46,6 +53,10 @@ safe. Customizable set of operations running in isolated execution environment verified via Secure/Trusted boot process. + (3) CAAM + + Fixed set of operations running in isolated execution environment. + * Optional binding to platform integrity state (1) TPM @@ -63,6 +74,11 @@ safe. Relies on Secure/Trusted boot process for platform integrity. It can be extended with TEE based measured boot process. + (3) CAAM + + Relies on the High Assurance Boot (HAB) mechanism of NXP SoCs + for platform integrity. + * Interfaces and APIs (1) TPM @@ -74,10 +90,13 @@ safe. TEEs have well-documented, standardized client interface and APIs. For more details refer to ``Documentation/staging/tee.rst``. + (3) CAAM + + Interface is specific to silicon vendor. * Threat model - The strength and appropriateness of a particular TPM or TEE for a given + The strength and appropriateness of a particular trust source for a given purpose must be assessed when using them to protect security-relevant data. @@ -87,32 +106,43 @@ Key Generation Trusted Keys ------------ -New keys are created from random numbers generated in the trust source. They -are encrypted/decrypted using a child key in the storage key hierarchy. -Encryption and decryption of the child key must be protected by a strong -access control policy within the trust source. +New keys are created from random numbers. They are encrypted/decrypted using +a child key in the storage key hierarchy. Encryption and decryption of the +child key must be protected by a strong access control policy within the +trust source. The random number generator in use differs according to the +selected trust source: - * TPM (hardware device) based RNG + * TPM: hardware device based RNG - Strength of random numbers may vary from one device manufacturer to - another. + Keys are generated within the TPM. Strength of random numbers may vary + from one device manufacturer to another. - * TEE (OP-TEE based on Arm TrustZone) based RNG + * TEE: OP-TEE based on Arm TrustZone based RNG RNG is customizable as per platform needs. It can either be direct output from platform specific hardware RNG or a software based Fortuna CSPRNG which can be seeded via multiple entropy sources. + * CAAM: Kernel RNG + + The normal kernel random number generator is used. To seed it from the + CAAM HWRNG, enable CRYPTO_DEV_FSL_CAAM_RNG_API and ensure the device + is probed. + +Users may override this by specifying ``trusted.rng=kernel`` on the kernel +command-line to override the used RNG with the kernel's random number pool. + Encrypted Keys -------------- Encrypted keys do not depend on a trust source, and are faster, as they use AES -for encryption/decryption. New keys are created from kernel-generated random -numbers, and are encrypted/decrypted using a specified ‘master’ key. The -‘master’ key can either be a trusted-key or user-key type. The main disadvantage -of encrypted keys is that if they are not rooted in a trusted key, they are only -as secure as the user key encrypting them. The master user key should therefore -be loaded in as secure a way as possible, preferably early in boot. +for encryption/decryption. New keys are created either from kernel-generated +random numbers or user-provided decrypted data, and are encrypted/decrypted +using a specified ‘master’ key. The ‘master’ key can either be a trusted-key or +user-key type. The main disadvantage of encrypted keys is that if they are not +rooted in a trusted key, they are only as secure as the user key encrypting +them. The master user key should therefore be loaded in as secure a way as +possible, preferably early in boot. Usage @@ -188,6 +218,19 @@ Usage:: specific to TEE device implementation. The key length for new keys is always in bytes. Trusted Keys can be 32 - 128 bytes (256 - 1024 bits). +Trusted Keys usage: CAAM +------------------------ + +Usage:: + + keyctl add trusted name "new keylen" ring + keyctl add trusted name "load hex_blob" ring + keyctl print keyid + +"keyctl print" returns an ASCII hex copy of the sealed key, which is in a +CAAM-specific format. The key length for new keys is always in bytes. +Trusted Keys can be 32 - 128 bytes (256 - 1024 bits). + Encrypted Keys usage -------------------- @@ -199,6 +242,8 @@ Usage:: keyctl add encrypted name "new [format] key-type:master-key-name keylen" ring + keyctl add encrypted name "new [format] key-type:master-key-name keylen + decrypted-data" ring keyctl add encrypted name "load hex_blob" ring keyctl update keyid "update key-type:master-key-name" @@ -303,6 +348,16 @@ Load an encrypted key "evm" from saved blob:: 82dbbc55be2a44616e4959430436dc4f2a7a9659aa60bb4652aeb2120f149ed197c564e0 24717c64 5972dcb82ab2dde83376d82b2e3c09ffc +Instantiate an encrypted key "evm" using user-provided decrypted data:: + + $ keyctl add encrypted evm "new default user:kmk 32 `cat evm_decrypted_data.blob`" @u + 794890253 + + $ keyctl print 794890253 + default user:kmk 32 2375725ad57798846a9bbd240de8906f006e66c03af53b1b382d + bbc55be2a44616e4959430436dc4f2a7a9659aa60bb4652aeb2120f149ed197c564e0247 + 17c64 5972dcb82ab2dde83376d82b2e3c09ffc + Other uses for trusted and encrypted keys, such as for disk and file encryption are anticipated. In particular the new format 'ecryptfs' has been defined in order to use encrypted keys to mount an eCryptfs filesystem. More details diff --git a/Documentation/security/landlock.rst b/Documentation/security/landlock.rst index 3df68cb1d10f..5c77730b4479 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/landlock.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/landlock.rst @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Landlock LSM: kernel documentation ================================== :Author: Mickaël Salaün -:Date: March 2021 +:Date: May 2022 Landlock's goal is to create scoped access-control (i.e. sandboxing). To harden a whole system, this feature should be available to any process, @@ -42,6 +42,21 @@ Guiding principles for safe access controls * Computation related to Landlock operations (e.g. enforcing a ruleset) shall only impact the processes requesting them. +Design choices +============== + +Filesystem access rights +------------------------ + +All access rights are tied to an inode and what can be accessed through it. +Reading the content of a directory doesn't imply to be allowed to read the +content of a listed inode. Indeed, a file name is local to its parent +directory, and an inode can be referenced by multiple file names thanks to +(hard) links. Being able to unlink a file only has a direct impact on the +directory, not the unlinked inode. This is the reason why +`LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_FILE` or `LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REFER` are not allowed +to be tied to files but only to directories. + Tests ===== diff --git a/Documentation/security/secrets/coco.rst b/Documentation/security/secrets/coco.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..262e7abb1b24 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/security/secrets/coco.rst @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +============================== +Confidential Computing secrets +============================== + +This document describes how Confidential Computing secret injection is handled +from the firmware to the operating system, in the EFI driver and the efi_secret +kernel module. + + +Introduction +============ + +Confidential Computing (coco) hardware such as AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted +Virtualization) allows guest owners to inject secrets into the VMs +memory without the host/hypervisor being able to read them. In SEV, +secret injection is performed early in the VM launch process, before the +guest starts running. + +The efi_secret kernel module allows userspace applications to access these +secrets via securityfs. + + +Secret data flow +================ + +The guest firmware may reserve a designated memory area for secret injection, +and publish its location (base GPA and length) in the EFI configuration table +under a ``LINUX_EFI_COCO_SECRET_AREA_GUID`` entry +(``adf956ad-e98c-484c-ae11-b51c7d336447``). This memory area should be marked +by the firmware as ``EFI_RESERVED_TYPE``, and therefore the kernel should not +be use it for its own purposes. + +During the VM's launch, the virtual machine manager may inject a secret to that +area. In AMD SEV and SEV-ES this is performed using the +``KVM_SEV_LAUNCH_SECRET`` command (see [sev]_). The strucutre of the injected +Guest Owner secret data should be a GUIDed table of secret values; the binary +format is described in ``drivers/virt/coco/efi_secret/efi_secret.c`` under +"Structure of the EFI secret area". + +On kernel start, the kernel's EFI driver saves the location of the secret area +(taken from the EFI configuration table) in the ``efi.coco_secret`` field. +Later it checks if the secret area is populated: it maps the area and checks +whether its content begins with ``EFI_SECRET_TABLE_HEADER_GUID`` +(``1e74f542-71dd-4d66-963e-ef4287ff173b``). If the secret area is populated, +the EFI driver will autoload the efi_secret kernel module, which exposes the +secrets to userspace applications via securityfs. The details of the +efi_secret filesystem interface are in [secrets-coco-abi]_. + + +Application usage example +========================= + +Consider a guest performing computations on encrypted files. The Guest Owner +provides the decryption key (= secret) using the secret injection mechanism. +The guest application reads the secret from the efi_secret filesystem and +proceeds to decrypt the files into memory and then performs the needed +computations on the content. + +In this example, the host can't read the files from the disk image +because they are encrypted. Host can't read the decryption key because +it is passed using the secret injection mechanism (= secure channel). +Host can't read the decrypted content from memory because it's a +confidential (memory-encrypted) guest. + +Here is a simple example for usage of the efi_secret module in a guest +to which an EFI secret area with 4 secrets was injected during launch:: + + # ls -la /sys/kernel/security/secrets/coco + total 0 + drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 . + drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 .. + -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 736870e5-84f0-4973-92ec-06879ce3da0b + -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 83c83f7f-1356-4975-8b7e-d3a0b54312c6 + -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 9553f55d-3da2-43ee-ab5d-ff17f78864d2 + -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 e6f5a162-d67f-4750-a67c-5d065f2a9910 + + # hd /sys/kernel/security/secrets/coco/e6f5a162-d67f-4750-a67c-5d065f2a9910 + 00000000 74 68 65 73 65 2d 61 72 65 2d 74 68 65 2d 6b 61 |these-are-the-ka| + 00000010 74 61 2d 73 65 63 72 65 74 73 00 01 02 03 04 05 |ta-secrets......| + 00000020 06 07 |..| + 00000022 + + # rm /sys/kernel/security/secrets/coco/e6f5a162-d67f-4750-a67c-5d065f2a9910 + + # ls -la /sys/kernel/security/secrets/coco + total 0 + drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jun 28 11:55 . + drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 .. + -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 736870e5-84f0-4973-92ec-06879ce3da0b + -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 83c83f7f-1356-4975-8b7e-d3a0b54312c6 + -r--r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 28 11:54 9553f55d-3da2-43ee-ab5d-ff17f78864d2 + + +References +========== + +See [sev-api-spec]_ for more info regarding SEV ``LAUNCH_SECRET`` operation. + +.. [sev] Documentation/virt/kvm/amd-memory-encryption.rst +.. [secrets-coco-abi] Documentation/ABI/testing/securityfs-secrets-coco +.. [sev-api-spec] https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/55766_SEV-KM_API_Specification.pdf diff --git a/Documentation/security/secrets/index.rst b/Documentation/security/secrets/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ced34e9c43bd --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/security/secrets/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +===================== +Secrets documentation +===================== + +.. toctree:: + + coco diff --git a/Documentation/security/siphash.rst b/Documentation/security/siphash.rst index bd9363025fcb..a10380cb78e5 100644 --- a/Documentation/security/siphash.rst +++ b/Documentation/security/siphash.rst @@ -121,26 +121,36 @@ even scarier, uses an easily brute-forcable 64-bit key (with a 32-bit output) instead of SipHash's 128-bit key. However, this may appeal to some high-performance `jhash` users. -Danger! - -Do not ever use HalfSipHash except for as a hashtable key function, and only -then when you can be absolutely certain that the outputs will never be -transmitted out of the kernel. This is only remotely useful over `jhash` as a -means of mitigating hashtable flooding denial of service attacks. - -Generating a HalfSipHash key -============================ +HalfSipHash support is provided through the "hsiphash" family of functions. + +.. warning:: + Do not ever use the hsiphash functions except for as a hashtable key + function, and only then when you can be absolutely certain that the outputs + will never be transmitted out of the kernel. This is only remotely useful + over `jhash` as a means of mitigating hashtable flooding denial of service + attacks. + +On 64-bit kernels, the hsiphash functions actually implement SipHash-1-3, a +reduced-round variant of SipHash, instead of HalfSipHash-1-3. This is because in +64-bit code, SipHash-1-3 is no slower than HalfSipHash-1-3, and can be faster. +Note, this does *not* mean that in 64-bit kernels the hsiphash functions are the +same as the siphash ones, or that they are secure; the hsiphash functions still +use a less secure reduced-round algorithm and truncate their outputs to 32 +bits. + +Generating a hsiphash key +========================= Keys should always be generated from a cryptographically secure source of -random numbers, either using get_random_bytes or get_random_once: +random numbers, either using get_random_bytes or get_random_once:: -hsiphash_key_t key; -get_random_bytes(&key, sizeof(key)); + hsiphash_key_t key; + get_random_bytes(&key, sizeof(key)); If you're not deriving your key from here, you're doing it wrong. -Using the HalfSipHash functions -=============================== +Using the hsiphash functions +============================ There are two variants of the function, one that takes a list of integers, and one that takes a buffer:: @@ -183,7 +193,7 @@ You may then iterate like usual over the returned hash bucket. Performance =========== -HalfSipHash is roughly 3 times slower than JenkinsHash. For many replacements, -this will not be a problem, as the hashtable lookup isn't the bottleneck. And -in general, this is probably a good sacrifice to make for the security and DoS -resistance of HalfSipHash. +hsiphash() is roughly 3 times slower than jhash(). For many replacements, this +will not be a problem, as the hashtable lookup isn't the bottleneck. And in +general, this is probably a good sacrifice to make for the security and DoS +resistance of hsiphash(). |