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-rw-r--r--include/linux/bpf.h8
-rw-r--r--include/linux/bpf_verifier.h2
-rw-r--r--include/linux/filter.h3
-rw-r--r--kernel/bpf/arraymap.c2
-rw-r--r--kernel/bpf/cfg.c13
-rw-r--r--kernel/bpf/core.c27
-rw-r--r--kernel/bpf/fixups.c13
-rw-r--r--kernel/bpf/helpers.c5
-rw-r--r--kernel/bpf/syscall.c26
-rw-r--r--kernel/bpf/verifier.c27
-rw-r--r--tools/lib/bpf/gen_loader.c3
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kfunc_dynptr_param.c2
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/percpu_array_inner_map.c57
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/verifier.c2
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/exceptions_fail.c22
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_call_large_imm.c66
16 files changed, 251 insertions, 27 deletions
diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
index 01e203964892..cd191c5fdb0a 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -2917,7 +2917,13 @@ int bpf_check_uarg_tail_zero(bpfptr_t uaddr, size_t expected_size,
int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **fp, union bpf_attr *attr, bpfptr_t uattr, u32 uattr_size);
#ifndef CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON
-void bpf_patch_call_args(struct bpf_insn *insn, u32 stack_depth);
+int bpf_patch_call_args(struct bpf_insn *insn, u32 stack_depth);
+s32 bpf_call_args_imm(s16 idx);
+#else
+static inline s32 bpf_call_args_imm(s16 idx)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
#endif
struct btf *bpf_get_btf_vmlinux(void);
diff --git a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
index b148f816f25b..185b2aa43a42 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
@@ -729,6 +729,7 @@ struct bpf_subprog_info {
*/
s16 fastcall_stack_off;
bool has_tail_call: 1;
+ bool might_throw: 1;
bool tail_call_reachable: 1;
bool has_ld_abs: 1;
bool is_cb: 1;
@@ -1308,6 +1309,7 @@ void bpf_fmt_stack_mask(char *buf, ssize_t buf_sz, u64 stack_mask);
bool bpf_subprog_is_global(const struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog);
int bpf_find_subprog(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int off);
+bool bpf_is_throw_kfunc(struct bpf_insn *insn);
int bpf_compute_const_regs(struct bpf_verifier_env *env);
int bpf_prune_dead_branches(struct bpf_verifier_env *env);
int bpf_check_cfg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env);
diff --git a/include/linux/filter.h b/include/linux/filter.h
index 1ec6d5ba64cc..88a241aac36a 100644
--- a/include/linux/filter.h
+++ b/include/linux/filter.h
@@ -1151,9 +1151,6 @@ bool sk_filter_charge(struct sock *sk, struct sk_filter *fp);
void sk_filter_uncharge(struct sock *sk, struct sk_filter *fp);
u64 __bpf_call_base(u64 r1, u64 r2, u64 r3, u64 r4, u64 r5);
-#define __bpf_call_base_args \
- ((u64 (*)(u64, u64, u64, u64, u64, const struct bpf_insn *)) \
- (void *)__bpf_call_base)
struct bpf_prog *bpf_int_jit_compile(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_prog *prog);
void bpf_jit_compile(struct bpf_prog *prog);
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/arraymap.c b/kernel/bpf/arraymap.c
index 5e25e0353509..dfb2110ab733 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/arraymap.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/arraymap.c
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ const struct bpf_map_ops array_map_ops = {
};
const struct bpf_map_ops percpu_array_map_ops = {
- .map_meta_equal = bpf_map_meta_equal,
+ .map_meta_equal = array_map_meta_equal,
.map_alloc_check = array_map_alloc_check,
.map_alloc = array_map_alloc,
.map_free = array_map_free,
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/cfg.c b/kernel/bpf/cfg.c
index 998f42a8189a..26d37066465f 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/cfg.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/cfg.c
@@ -64,11 +64,19 @@ static void mark_subprog_might_sleep(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int off)
subprog->might_sleep = true;
}
+static void mark_subprog_might_throw(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int off)
+{
+ struct bpf_subprog_info *subprog;
+
+ subprog = bpf_find_containing_subprog(env, off);
+ subprog->might_throw = true;
+}
+
/* 't' is an index of a call-site.
* 'w' is a callee entry point.
* Eventually this function would be called when env->cfg.insn_state[w] == EXPLORED.
* Rely on DFS traversal order and absence of recursive calls to guarantee that
- * callee's change_pkt_data marks would be correct at that moment.
+ * callee's effect marks would be correct at that moment.
*/
static void merge_callee_effects(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int t, int w)
{
@@ -78,6 +86,7 @@ static void merge_callee_effects(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int t, int w)
callee = bpf_find_containing_subprog(env, w);
caller->changes_pkt_data |= callee->changes_pkt_data;
caller->might_sleep |= callee->might_sleep;
+ caller->might_throw |= callee->might_throw;
}
enum {
@@ -509,6 +518,8 @@ static int visit_insn(int t, struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
mark_subprog_might_sleep(env, t);
if (ret == 0 && bpf_is_kfunc_pkt_changing(&meta))
mark_subprog_changes_pkt_data(env, t);
+ if (ret == 0 && bpf_is_throw_kfunc(insn))
+ mark_subprog_might_throw(env, t);
}
return visit_func_call_insn(t, insns, env, insn->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_CALL);
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/core.c b/kernel/bpf/core.c
index 8b018ff48875..6aa2a8b24030 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/core.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/core.c
@@ -1771,6 +1771,9 @@ static u32 abs_s32(s32 x)
return x >= 0 ? (u32)x : -(u32)x;
}
+static u64 (*interpreters_args[])(u64 r1, u64 r2, u64 r3, u64 r4, u64 r5,
+ const struct bpf_insn *insn);
+
/**
* ___bpf_prog_run - run eBPF program on a given context
* @regs: is the array of MAX_BPF_EXT_REG eBPF pseudo-registers
@@ -2077,10 +2080,9 @@ select_insn:
CONT;
JMP_CALL_ARGS:
- BPF_R0 = (__bpf_call_base_args + insn->imm)(BPF_R1, BPF_R2,
- BPF_R3, BPF_R4,
- BPF_R5,
- insn + insn->off + 1);
+ BPF_R0 = interpreters_args[insn->off](BPF_R1, BPF_R2, BPF_R3,
+ BPF_R4, BPF_R5,
+ insn + insn->imm + 1);
CONT;
JMP_TAIL_CALL: {
@@ -2394,13 +2396,22 @@ EVAL4(PROG_NAME_LIST, 416, 448, 480, 512)
#undef PROG_NAME_LIST
#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
-void bpf_patch_call_args(struct bpf_insn *insn, u32 stack_depth)
+int bpf_patch_call_args(struct bpf_insn *insn, u32 stack_depth)
{
stack_depth = max_t(u32, stack_depth, 1);
- insn->off = (s16) insn->imm;
- insn->imm = interpreters_args[(round_up(stack_depth, 32) / 32) - 1] -
- __bpf_call_base_args;
+ /* Prevent out-of-bounds read to interpreters_args */
+ if (stack_depth > MAX_BPF_STACK)
+ return -EINVAL;
+ insn->off = (round_up(stack_depth, 32) / 32) - 1;
insn->code = BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL_ARGS;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+s32 bpf_call_args_imm(s16 idx)
+{
+ if (WARN_ON_ONCE(idx < 0 || idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(interpreters_args)))
+ return 0;
+ return BPF_CALL_IMM(interpreters_args[idx]);
}
#endif
#endif
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/fixups.c b/kernel/bpf/fixups.c
index fba9e8c00878..3692adf62558 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/fixups.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/fixups.c
@@ -1250,9 +1250,9 @@ static int jit_subprogs(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
}
if (!bpf_pseudo_call(insn))
continue;
- insn->off = env->insn_aux_data[i].call_imm;
- subprog = bpf_find_subprog(env, i + insn->off + 1);
- insn->imm = subprog;
+ insn->imm = env->insn_aux_data[i].call_imm;
+ subprog = bpf_find_subprog(env, i + insn->imm + 1);
+ insn->off = subprog;
}
prog->jited = 1;
@@ -1416,7 +1416,12 @@ int bpf_fixup_call_args(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
depth = get_callee_stack_depth(env, insn, i);
if (depth < 0)
return depth;
- bpf_patch_call_args(insn, depth);
+ err = bpf_patch_call_args(insn, depth);
+ if (err) {
+ verbose(env, "stack depth %d exceeds interpreter stack depth limit\n",
+ depth);
+ return err;
+ }
}
err = 0;
#endif
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/helpers.c b/kernel/bpf/helpers.c
index 2bb60200c266..b5314c9fed3c 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/helpers.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/helpers.c
@@ -4241,8 +4241,13 @@ __bpf_kfunc int bpf_verify_pkcs7_signature(struct bpf_dynptr *data_p,
data_len = __bpf_dynptr_size(data_ptr);
data = __bpf_dynptr_data(data_ptr, data_len);
+ if (!data)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
sig_len = __bpf_dynptr_size(sig_ptr);
sig = __bpf_dynptr_data(sig_ptr, sig_len);
+ if (!sig)
+ return -EINVAL;
return verify_pkcs7_signature(data, data_len, sig, sig_len,
trusted_keyring->key,
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/syscall.c b/kernel/bpf/syscall.c
index a3c0214ca934..630d530782fe 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/syscall.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/syscall.c
@@ -4919,6 +4919,29 @@ out:
return map;
}
+static void prepare_dump_pseudo_call(struct bpf_insn *insn)
+{
+ s32 call_off = insn->imm;
+
+ /*
+ * BPF_CALL_ARGS only exists for interpreter fallback.
+ * 1. For interpreter (BPF_CALL_ARGS): insn->off is the index of
+ * interpreters_args array, so here using bpf_call_args_imm()
+ * to get the real address offset.
+ * 2. For JIT (BPF_CALL): insn->off is the subprog id.
+ */
+ if (insn->code == (BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL_ARGS))
+ insn->imm = bpf_call_args_imm(insn->off);
+ else
+ insn->imm = insn->off;
+
+ /* Avoid dumping a truncated and misleading pc-relative offset. */
+ if (call_off > S16_MAX || call_off < S16_MIN)
+ insn->off = 0;
+ else
+ insn->off = call_off;
+}
+
static struct bpf_insn *bpf_insn_prepare_dump(const struct bpf_prog *prog,
const struct cred *f_cred)
{
@@ -4944,6 +4967,9 @@ static struct bpf_insn *bpf_insn_prepare_dump(const struct bpf_prog *prog,
}
if (code == (BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL) ||
code == (BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL_ARGS)) {
+ /* Restore the legacy xlated dump layout. */
+ if (insns[i].src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_CALL)
+ prepare_dump_pseudo_call(&insns[i]);
if (code == (BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL_ARGS))
insns[i].code = BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL;
if (!bpf_dump_raw_ok(f_cred))
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index 69d75515ed3f..7fb88e1cd7c4 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -442,7 +442,6 @@ static bool is_dynptr_ref_function(enum bpf_func_id func_id)
static bool is_sync_callback_calling_kfunc(u32 btf_id);
static bool is_async_callback_calling_kfunc(u32 btf_id);
static bool is_callback_calling_kfunc(u32 btf_id);
-static bool is_bpf_throw_kfunc(struct bpf_insn *insn);
static bool is_bpf_wq_set_callback_kfunc(u32 btf_id);
static bool is_task_work_add_kfunc(u32 func_id);
@@ -5405,7 +5404,7 @@ continue_func:
if (bpf_pseudo_kfunc_call(insn + i) && !insn[i].off) {
bool err = false;
- if (!is_bpf_throw_kfunc(insn + i))
+ if (!bpf_is_throw_kfunc(insn + i))
continue;
for (tmp = idx; tmp >= 0 && !err; tmp = dinfo[tmp].caller) {
if (subprog[tmp].is_cb) {
@@ -9499,6 +9498,9 @@ static int push_callback_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *ins
return 0;
}
+static int process_bpf_exit_full(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
+ bool *do_print_state, bool exception_exit);
+
static int check_func_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
int *insn_idx)
{
@@ -9552,6 +9554,17 @@ static int check_func_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
caller->regs[BPF_REG_0].subreg_def = DEF_NOT_SUBREG;
}
+ if (env->subprog_info[subprog].might_throw) {
+ struct bpf_verifier_state *branch;
+
+ branch = push_stack(env, *insn_idx + 1, *insn_idx, false);
+ if (IS_ERR(branch)) {
+ verbose(env, "failed to push state for global subprog exception path\n");
+ return PTR_ERR(branch);
+ }
+ return process_bpf_exit_full(env, NULL, true);
+ }
+
/* continue with next insn after call */
return 0;
}
@@ -11263,7 +11276,11 @@ BTF_ID(func, bpf_task_work_schedule_resume)
BTF_ID(func, bpf_arena_alloc_pages)
BTF_ID(func, bpf_arena_free_pages)
BTF_ID(func, bpf_arena_reserve_pages)
+#ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS
BTF_ID(func, bpf_session_is_return)
+#else
+BTF_ID_UNUSED
+#endif
BTF_ID(func, bpf_stream_vprintk)
BTF_ID(func, bpf_stream_print_stack)
@@ -11778,7 +11795,7 @@ static bool is_async_callback_calling_kfunc(u32 btf_id)
is_task_work_add_kfunc(btf_id);
}
-static bool is_bpf_throw_kfunc(struct bpf_insn *insn)
+bool bpf_is_throw_kfunc(struct bpf_insn *insn)
{
return bpf_pseudo_kfunc_call(insn) && insn->off == 0 &&
insn->imm == special_kfunc_list[KF_bpf_throw];
@@ -12968,8 +12985,6 @@ static int check_special_kfunc(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_kfunc_ca
}
static int check_return_code(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int regno, const char *reg_name);
-static int process_bpf_exit_full(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
- bool *do_print_state, bool exception_exit);
static int check_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
int *insn_idx_p)
@@ -13350,7 +13365,7 @@ static int check_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
if (meta.func_id == special_kfunc_list[KF_bpf_session_cookie])
env->prog->call_session_cookie = true;
- if (is_bpf_throw_kfunc(insn))
+ if (bpf_is_throw_kfunc(insn))
return process_bpf_exit_full(env, NULL, true);
return 0;
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/gen_loader.c b/tools/lib/bpf/gen_loader.c
index cd5c2543f54d..9478b8f78f26 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/gen_loader.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/gen_loader.c
@@ -592,13 +592,12 @@ static void emit_signature_match(struct bpf_gen *gen)
gen->hash_insn_offset[i] = gen->insn_cur - gen->insn_start;
emit2(gen, BPF_LD_IMM64_RAW_FULL(BPF_REG_3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
- off = -(gen->insn_cur - gen->insn_start - gen->cleanup_label) / 8 - 1;
+ off = -(gen->insn_cur - gen->insn_start - gen->cleanup_label) / 8 - 2;
if (is_simm16(off)) {
emit(gen, BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_7, -EINVAL));
emit(gen, BPF_JMP_REG(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_3, off));
} else {
gen->error = -ERANGE;
- emit(gen, BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JA, 0, 0, -1));
}
}
}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kfunc_dynptr_param.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kfunc_dynptr_param.c
index 8cd298b78e44..04aaf4c9cf5e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kfunc_dynptr_param.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/kfunc_dynptr_param.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ static struct {
const char *prog_name;
int expected_runtime_err;
} kfunc_dynptr_tests[] = {
- {"dynptr_data_null", -EBADMSG},
+ {"dynptr_data_null", -EINVAL},
};
static bool kfunc_not_supported;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/percpu_array_inner_map.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/percpu_array_inner_map.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2a8b2381306b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/percpu_array_inner_map.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+/*
+ * Test that replacing an inner percpu array map with one that has different
+ * max_entries is rejected. percpu_array_map_gen_lookup() inlines the
+ * template's index_mask, so allowing a smaller replacement would cause OOB.
+ */
+void test_percpu_array_inner_map(void)
+{
+ LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_create_opts, opts);
+ int outer_fd, tmpl_fd, good_fd, bad_fd, err;
+ int zero = 0;
+
+ /* Create template: percpu array with 8 entries */
+ tmpl_fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY, "tmpl",
+ sizeof(int), sizeof(long), 8, NULL);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_FD(tmpl_fd, "create_tmpl"))
+ return;
+
+ /* Create outer array-of-maps using template */
+ opts.inner_map_fd = tmpl_fd;
+ outer_fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS, "outer",
+ sizeof(int), sizeof(int), 1, &opts);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_FD(outer_fd, "create_outer"))
+ goto close_tmpl;
+
+ /* Insert template as initial inner map */
+ err = bpf_map_update_elem(outer_fd, &zero, &tmpl_fd, 0);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "insert_tmpl"))
+ goto close_outer;
+
+ /* Replacement with same max_entries should succeed */
+ good_fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY, "good",
+ sizeof(int), sizeof(long), 8, NULL);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_FD(good_fd, "create_good"))
+ goto close_outer;
+
+ err = bpf_map_update_elem(outer_fd, &zero, &good_fd, 0);
+ ASSERT_OK(err, "replace_same_max_entries");
+ close(good_fd);
+
+ /* Replacement with fewer max_entries must fail */
+ bad_fd = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY, "bad",
+ sizeof(int), sizeof(long), 2, NULL);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_FD(bad_fd, "create_bad"))
+ goto close_outer;
+
+ err = bpf_map_update_elem(outer_fd, &zero, &bad_fd, 0);
+ ASSERT_ERR(err, "replace_smaller_max_entries");
+ close(bad_fd);
+
+close_outer:
+ close(outer_fd);
+close_tmpl:
+ close(tmpl_fd);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/verifier.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/verifier.c
index a96b25ebff23..06cd24e37b3f 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/verifier.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/verifier.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
#include "verifier_bswap.skel.h"
#include "verifier_btf_ctx_access.skel.h"
#include "verifier_btf_unreliable_prog.skel.h"
+#include "verifier_call_large_imm.skel.h"
#include "verifier_cfg.skel.h"
#include "verifier_cgroup_inv_retcode.skel.h"
#include "verifier_cgroup_skb.skel.h"
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ void test_verifier_bpf_trap(void) { RUN(verifier_bpf_trap); }
void test_verifier_bswap(void) { RUN(verifier_bswap); }
void test_verifier_btf_ctx_access(void) { RUN(verifier_btf_ctx_access); }
void test_verifier_btf_unreliable_prog(void) { RUN(verifier_btf_unreliable_prog); }
+void test_verifier_call_large_imm(void) { RUN(verifier_call_large_imm); }
void test_verifier_cfg(void) { RUN(verifier_cfg); }
void test_verifier_cgroup_inv_retcode(void) { RUN(verifier_cgroup_inv_retcode); }
void test_verifier_cgroup_skb(void) { RUN(verifier_cgroup_skb); }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/exceptions_fail.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/exceptions_fail.c
index 051e2b6f2694..ac44d60e5066 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/exceptions_fail.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/exceptions_fail.c
@@ -208,6 +208,28 @@ int reject_with_reference(void *ctx)
return 0;
}
+__noinline int global_subprog_may_throw(struct __sk_buff *ctx)
+{
+ if (ctx->len)
+ bpf_throw(0);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("?tc")
+__failure __msg("Unreleased reference")
+int reject_global_subprog_throw_with_reference(struct __sk_buff *ctx)
+{
+ struct foo *f;
+
+ f = bpf_obj_new(typeof(*f));
+ if (!f)
+ return 0;
+ if (ctx->protocol)
+ global_subprog_may_throw(ctx);
+ bpf_obj_drop(f);
+ return 0;
+}
+
__noinline static int subprog_ref(struct __sk_buff *ctx)
{
struct foo *f;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_call_large_imm.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_call_large_imm.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7998df07f6a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_call_large_imm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include "bpf_misc.h"
+
+int call_happened = 0;
+
+/*
+ * 32765 is the exact minimum number of padding instructions needed to
+ * trigger the verifier failure, because:
+ * 1. Counting the wrapper instructions around the padding block (one
+ * "r0=0" and two "exit" instructions), the actual jump distance
+ * evaluates to N + 3.
+ * 2. To overflow the s16 max bound (32767), we need N + 3 > 32767.
+ * Thus, N = 32765 is the exact minimum padding size required.
+ */
+static __attribute__((noinline)) void padding_subprog(void)
+{
+ asm volatile (
+ "r0 = 0;"
+ ".rept 32765;"
+ "r0 += 0;"
+ ".endr;"
+ ::: __clobber_all);
+}
+
+static __attribute__((noinline)) int target_subprog(void)
+{
+ /* Use volatile variable here to prevent optimization. */
+ volatile int magic_ret = 3;
+ return magic_ret;
+}
+
+SEC("syscall")
+__success __retval(3)
+int call_large_imm_test(void *ctx)
+{
+ /*
+ * Landing pad to handle call error on kernel without the fix,
+ * preventing kernel panic.
+ */
+ asm volatile (
+ "r0 = 0;"
+ ".rept 32768;"
+ "r0 += 0;"
+ ".endr;"
+ ::: __clobber_all);
+
+ /*
+ * The call_happened variable is 1 only when the call insn wrongly
+ * go back to the landing pad above.
+ */
+ if (call_happened == 1) {
+ /* Use volatile variable here to prevent optimization. */
+ volatile int flag = -1;
+ return flag;
+ }
+
+ call_happened = 1;
+
+ padding_subprog();
+
+ return target_subprog();
+}
+
+char LICENSE[] SEC("license") = "GPL";