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=========================
GCC plugin infrastructure
=========================
Introduction
============
GCC plugins are loadable modules that provide extra features to the
compiler [1]_. They are useful for runtime instrumentation and static analysis.
We can analyse, change and add further code during compilation via
callbacks [2]_, GIMPLE [3]_, IPA [4]_ and RTL passes [5]_.
The GCC plugin infrastructure of the kernel supports all gcc versions from
4.5 to 6.0, building out-of-tree modules, cross-compilation and building in a
separate directory.
Plugin source files have to be compilable by both a C and a C++ compiler as well
because gcc versions 4.5 and 4.6 are compiled by a C compiler,
gcc-4.7 can be compiled by a C or a C++ compiler,
and versions 4.8+ can only be compiled by a C++ compiler.
Currently the GCC plugin infrastructure supports only the x86, arm, arm64 and
powerpc architectures.
This infrastructure was ported from grsecurity [6]_ and PaX [7]_.
--
.. [1] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/Plugins.html
.. [2] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/Plugin-API.html#Plugin-API
.. [3] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/GIMPLE.html
.. [4] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/IPA.html
.. [5] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/RTL.html
.. [6] https://grsecurity.net/
.. [7] https://pax.grsecurity.net/
Files
=====
**$(src)/scripts/gcc-plugins**
This is the directory of the GCC plugins.
**$(src)/scripts/gcc-plugins/gcc-common.h**
This is a compatibility header for GCC plugins.
It should be always included instead of individual gcc headers.
**$(src)/scripts/gcc-plugin.sh**
This script checks the availability of the included headers in
gcc-common.h and chooses the proper host compiler to build the plugins
(gcc-4.7 can be built by either gcc or g++).
**$(src)/scripts/gcc-plugins/gcc-generate-gimple-pass.h,
$(src)/scripts/gcc-plugins/gcc-generate-ipa-pass.h,
$(src)/scripts/gcc-plugins/gcc-generate-simple_ipa-pass.h,
$(src)/scripts/gcc-plugins/gcc-generate-rtl-pass.h**
These headers automatically generate the registration structures for
GIMPLE, SIMPLE_IPA, IPA and RTL passes. They support all gcc versions
from 4.5 to 6.0.
They should be preferred to creating the structures by hand.
Usage
=====
You must install the gcc plugin headers for your gcc version,
e.g., on Ubuntu for gcc-4.9::
apt-get install gcc-4.9-plugin-dev
Enable a GCC plugin based feature in the kernel config::
CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_CYC_COMPLEXITY = y
To compile only the plugin(s)::
make gcc-plugins
or just run the kernel make and compile the whole kernel with
the cyclomatic complexity GCC plugin.
4. How to add a new GCC plugin
==============================
The GCC plugins are in $(src)/scripts/gcc-plugins/. You can use a file or a directory
here. It must be added to $(src)/scripts/gcc-plugins/Makefile,
$(src)/scripts/Makefile.gcc-plugins and $(src)/arch/Kconfig.
See the cyc_complexity_plugin.c (CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_CYC_COMPLEXITY) GCC plugin.
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