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Patch series "samples: introduce cgroup events listeners", v3.
To begin with, this patch series relocates the cgroup example code to the
samples/cgroup directory, which is the appropriate location for such code
snippets.
Furthermore, a new memcg events listener is introduced. This listener is
a simple yet effective tool for monitoring memory events and managing
counter changes during runtime.
Additionally, as per Andrew Morton's suggestion, a helpful reminder
comment is included in the memcontrol implementation. This comment serves
to ensure that the samples code is updated whenever new events are added.
This patch (of 3):
Move the cgroup_event_listener for cgroup v1 to the samples directory.
This suggestion was proposed by Andrew Morton during the discussion [1].
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20231106140934.3f5d4960141562fe8da53906@linux-foundation.org/ [1]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231123071945.25811-1-ddrokosov@salutedevices.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20231123071945.25811-2-ddrokosov@salutedevices.com
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Rokosov <ddrokosov@salutedevices.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The iocg can have three throttled metrics: wait, debt, delay. This patch
add missing wait_ms to IocgStat to show the latest wait_ms of iocg.
As we are here, group iocg usage percents "inflt%" and "usage%" together,
and group iocg throttled metrics "wait", "debt" and "delay" together.
Effect after changes:
nvme0n1 RUN per=50.0ms cur_per=177105.713:v1053528.587 busy= +0 vrate=135.00%:270.00% params=ssd_dfl(CQ)
active weight hweight% inflt% usage% wait debt delay
InterfererGroup0 * 100/ 100 54.28/ 9.09 0.34 24.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
interfered * 84/ 1000 45.72/ 90.91 0.48 41.09 0.00 0.00 0.00
Signed-off-by: Chengming Zhou <zhouchengming@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230804065039.8885-3-chengming.zhou@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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The real vrate iocost inuse is not base_vrate, but the atomic vtime_rate.
We need iocost_monitor tool to display this real vrate that iocost use,
to check if the boosted compensated vrate is normal.
Effect after change:
nvme0n1 RUN per=50.0ms cur_per=172116.580:v1040587.433 busy= +0 \
vrate=135.00%:270.00% params=ssd_dfl(CQ)
^
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this is real vrate inuse
Signed-off-by: Chengming Zhou <zhouchengming@bytedance.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230804065039.8885-2-chengming.zhou@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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When I use iocost_monitor on nvme0n1, this error shows up:
"Could not find ioc for nvme0n1"
There is no kobj in struct queue in recent kernel, it seems that the commit
2bd85221a625 ("block: untangle request_queue refcounting from sysfs")
move the queue kobj to struct gendisk.
Fix it by using mq_kobj which is at the same level with queue kobj.
Signed-off-by: Chengming Zhou <zhouchengming@bytedance.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230804065039.8885-1-chengming.zhou@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Remove redundant import of the sys module.
Also use the sort function instead of sorted. It sorts the direct array
without create the new one in memory.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230108105023.4289-1-apantykhin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Pantyukhin <apantykhin@gmail.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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In order to comply with PEP 8, the first parameter of a class should be
__init__.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Conners <business@elijahpepe.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Add a simple tool which prints a sorted list of shrinker lists in the
following format: (number of objects, shrinker name, cgroup).
Example:
$ ./memcg_shrinker.py -n 10
2090 sb-sysfs-26 /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice
1809 sb-sysfs-26 /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/systemd-udevd.service
1044 sb-btrfs:vda2-24 /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/system-dbus\x2d:1.3\...
861 sb-btrfs:vda2-24 /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/system-dbus\x2d:1.3\...
804 sb-btrfs:vda2-24 /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice
643 sb-btrfs:vda2-24 /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/firewalld.service
616 sb-cgroup2-30 /sys/fs/cgroup/init.scope
275 sb-sysfs-26 /
238 sb-proc-25 /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/systemd-journald.service
225 sb-proc-25 /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/abrtd.service
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220601032227.4076670-6-roman.gushchin@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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After the introduction of the dedicated struct slab to describe slab
pages by commit d122019bf061 ("mm: Split slab into its own type") and
the following removal of the corresponding struct page's fields by
commit 07f910f9b729 ("mm: Remove slab from struct page") the
memcg_slabinfo tool broke. An attempt to run it produces a trace like
this:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/drgn", line 33, in <module>
sys.exit(load_entry_point('drgn==0.0.16', 'console_scripts', 'drgn')())
File "/usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/drgn/internal/cli.py", line 133, in main
runpy.run_path(args.script[0], init_globals=init_globals, run_name="__main__")
File "/usr/lib64/python3.9/runpy.py", line 268, in run_path
return _run_module_code(code, init_globals, run_name,
File "/usr/lib64/python3.9/runpy.py", line 97, in _run_module_code
_run_code(code, mod_globals, init_globals,
File "/usr/lib64/python3.9/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "memcg_slabinfo.py", line 226, in <module>
main()
File "memcg_slabinfo.py", line 199, in main
cache = page.slab_cache
AttributeError: 'struct page' has no member 'slab_cache'
The problem can be fixed by explicitly casting struct page * to struct
slab * for slab pages. The tools works as expected with this fix, e.g.:
cred_jar 776 776 192 21 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 547 547 0
kmalloc-cg-32 6 6 32 128 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 9 9 0
files_cache 3 3 832 39 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 8 8 0
kmalloc-cg-512 1 1 512 32 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 10 10 0
task_struct 10 10 6720 4 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 63 63 0
mm_struct 3 3 1664 19 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 9 9 0
kmalloc-cg-16 1 1 16 256 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 8 8 0
pde_opener 1 1 40 102 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 8 8 0
anon_vma_chain 375 375 64 64 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 81 81 0
radix_tree_node 3 3 584 28 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 419 419 0
dentry 98 98 312 26 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1420 1420 0
btrfs_inode 3 3 2368 13 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 730 730 0
signal_cache 3 3 1600 20 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 17 17 0
sighand_cache 3 3 2240 14 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 20 20 0
filp 90 90 512 32 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 95 95 0
anon_vma 214 214 200 20 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 162 162 0
kmalloc-cg-1k 1 1 1024 32 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 22 22 0
pid 10 10 256 32 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 14 14 0
kmalloc-cg-64 2 2 64 64 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 8 8 0
kmalloc-cg-96 3 3 96 42 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 8 8 0
sock_inode_cache 5 5 1408 23 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 29 29 0
UNIX 7 7 1920 17 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 21 21 0
inode_cache 36 36 1152 28 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 680 680 0
proc_inode_cache 26 26 1224 26 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 64 64 0
kmalloc-cg-2k 2 2 2048 16 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 9 9 0
v2: change naming and count_partial()/count_free()/for_each_slab()
signatures to work with slabs, suggested by Matthew Wilcox
Fixes: 07f910f9b729 ("mm: Remove slab from struct page")
Reported-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Tested-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-patches/Yg2cKKnIboNu7j+p@carbon.DHCP.thefacebook.com/
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slabinfo.py script does not work with actual kernel version.
First, it was unable to recognise SLUB susbsytem, and when I specified
it manually it failed again with
AttributeError: 'struct page' has no member 'obj_cgroups'
.. and then again with
File "tools/cgroup/memcg_slabinfo.py", line 221, in main
memcg.kmem_caches.address_of_(),
AttributeError: 'struct mem_cgroup' has no member 'kmem_caches'
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cec1a75e-43b4-3d64-2084-d9f98fda037f@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Vasily Averin <vvs@virtuozzo.com>
Tested-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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iocost went through significant internal changes. Update iocost_monitor.py
accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Add a drgn-based tool to display slab information for a given memcg. Can
replace cgroup v1 memory.kmem.slabinfo interface on cgroup v2, but in a
more flexiable way.
Currently supports only SLUB configuration, but SLAB can be trivially
added later.
Output example:
$ sudo ./tools/cgroup/memcg_slabinfo.py /sys/fs/cgroup/user.slice/user-111017.slice/user\@111017.service
shmem_inode_cache 92 92 704 46 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
eventpoll_pwq 56 56 72 56 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
eventpoll_epi 32 32 128 32 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
kmalloc-8 0 0 8 512 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
kmalloc-96 0 0 96 42 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
kmalloc-2048 0 0 2048 16 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
kmalloc-64 128 128 64 64 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
mm_struct 160 160 1024 32 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 5 5 0
signal_cache 96 96 1024 32 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 3 3 0
sighand_cache 45 45 2112 15 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 3 3 0
files_cache 138 138 704 46 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 3 3 0
task_delay_info 153 153 80 51 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 3 3 0
task_struct 27 27 3520 9 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 3 3 0
radix_tree_node 56 56 584 28 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
btrfs_inode 140 140 1136 28 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 5 5 0
kmalloc-1024 64 64 1024 32 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
kmalloc-192 84 84 192 42 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
inode_cache 54 54 600 27 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2 2 0
kmalloc-128 0 0 128 32 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 0 0 0
kmalloc-512 32 32 512 32 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
skbuff_head_cache 32 32 256 32 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
sock_inode_cache 46 46 704 46 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 1 1 0
cred_jar 378 378 192 42 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 9 9 0
proc_inode_cache 96 96 672 24 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0
dentry 336 336 192 42 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 8 8 0
filp 697 864 256 32 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 27 27 0
anon_vma 644 644 88 46 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 14 14 0
pid 1408 1408 64 64 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 22 22 0
vm_area_struct 1200 1200 200 40 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 30 30 0
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-20-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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iocg usage_idx is the latest usage index, we should start from the
oldest usage index to show the consecutive NR_USAGE_SLOTS usages.
Signed-off-by: Chengming Zhou <zhouchengming@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Pull in block-5.7 fixes for 5.8. Mostly to resolve a conflict with
the blk-iocost changes, but we also need the base of the bdi
use-after-free as well as we build on top of it.
* block-5.7:
nvme: fix possible hang when ns scanning fails during error recovery
nvme-pci: fix "slimmer CQ head update"
bdi: add a ->dev_name field to struct backing_dev_info
bdi: use bdi_dev_name() to get device name
bdi: move bdi_dev_name out of line
vboxsf: don't use the source name in the bdi name
iocost: protect iocg->abs_vdebt with iocg->waitq.lock
block: remove the bd_openers checks in blk_drop_partitions
nvme: prevent double free in nvme_alloc_ns() error handling
null_blk: Cleanup zoned device initialization
null_blk: Fix zoned command handling
block: remove unused header
blk-iocost: Fix error on iocost_ioc_vrate_adj
bdev: Reduce time holding bd_mutex in sync in blkdev_close()
buffer: remove useless comment and WB_REASON_FREE_MORE_MEM, reason.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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abs_vdebt is an atomic_64 which tracks how much over budget a given cgroup
is and controls the activation of use_delay mechanism. Once a cgroup goes
over budget from forced IOs, it has to pay it back with its future budget.
The progress guarantee on debt paying comes from the iocg being active -
active iocgs are processed by the periodic timer, which ensures that as time
passes the debts dissipate and the iocg returns to normal operation.
However, both iocg activation and vdebt handling are asynchronous and a
sequence like the following may happen.
1. The iocg is in the process of being deactivated by the periodic timer.
2. A bio enters ioc_rqos_throttle(), calls iocg_activate() which returns
without anything because it still sees that the iocg is already active.
3. The iocg is deactivated.
4. The bio from #2 is over budget but needs to be forced. It increases
abs_vdebt and goes over the threshold and enables use_delay.
5. IO control is enabled for the iocg's subtree and now IOs are attributed
to the descendant cgroups and the iocg itself no longer issues IOs.
This leaves the iocg with stuck abs_vdebt - it has debt but inactive and no
further IOs which can activate it. This can end up unduly punishing all the
descendants cgroups.
The usual throttling path has the same issue - the iocg must be active while
throttled to ensure that future event will wake it up - and solves the
problem by synchronizing the throttling path with a spinlock. abs_vdebt
handling is another form of overage handling and shares a lot of
characteristics including the fact that it isn't in the hottest path.
This patch fixes the above and other possible races by strictly
synchronizing abs_vdebt and use_delay handling with iocg->waitq.lock.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Vlad Dmitriev <vvd@fb.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.4+
Fixes: e1518f63f246 ("blk-iocost: Don't let merges push vtime into the future")
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Wrapping numbers in strings is used by some to work around bit-width issues in
some enviroments. The problem isn't innate to json and the workaround seems to
cause more integration problems than help. Let's drop the string wrapping.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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This is to help external tools to decide whether iocost_monitor has all its
requirements met or not based on the exit status of an -i0 run.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Add SPDX License Identifier to all .gitignore files.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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iocost_monitor.py broke with recent versions of drgn due to helper
being stricter about types. Fix it so that it uses the correct type.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
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Report debt and rename del_ms row to delay for consistency.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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When outputting json:
* Don't truncate numbers.
* Report address of iocg to ease drilling down further.
When outputting table:
* Use math.ceil() for delay_ms so that small delays don't read as 0.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Json has limited accuracy for numbers and can silently truncate 64bit
values, which can be extremely confusing. Let's consistently use
string encapsulated values for json output.
While at it, convert an unnecesary f-string to str().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Add a script which can be used to generate device-specific iocost
linear model coefficients.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Instead of mucking with debugfs and ->pd_stat(), add drgn based
monitoring script.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Currently a number of Makefiles break when used with toolchains that
pass extra flags in CC and other cross-compile related variables (such
as --sysroot).
Thus we get this error when we use a toolchain that puts --sysroot in
the CC var:
~/src/linux/tools$ make iio
[snip]
iio_event_monitor.c:18:10: fatal error: unistd.h: No such file or directory
#include <unistd.h>
^~~~~~~~~~
This occurs because we clobber several env vars related to
cross-compiling with lines like this:
CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
Although this will point to a valid cross-compiler, we lose any extra
flags that might exist in the CC variable, which can break toolchains
that rely on them (for example, those that use --sysroot).
This easily shows up using a Yocto SDK:
$ . [snip]/sdk/environment-setup-cortexa8hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi
$ echo $CC
arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard
-mcpu=cortex-a8
--sysroot=[snip]/sdk/sysroots/cortexa8hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi
$ echo $CROSS_COMPILE
arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-
$ echo ${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc
krm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc
Although arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc is a cross-compiler, we've lost the
--sysroot and other flags that enable us to find the right libraries to
link against, so we can't find unistd.h and other libraries and headers.
Normally with the --sysroot flag we would find unistd.h in the sdk
directory in the sysroot:
$ find [snip]/sdk/sysroots -path '*/usr/include/unistd.h'
[snip]/sdk/sysroots/cortexa8hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi/usr/include/unistd.h
The perf Makefile adds CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc if and only if CC is not
already set, and it compiles correctly with the above toolchain.
So, generalize the logic that perf uses in the common Makefile and
remove the manual CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc lines from each Makefile.
Note that this patch does not fix cross-compile for all the tools (some
have other bugs), but it does fix it for all except usb and acpi, which
still have other unrelated issues.
I tested both with and without the patch on native and cross-build and
there appear to be no regressions.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180107214028.23771-1-martin@martingkelly.com
Signed-off-by: Martin Kelly <martin@martingkelly.com>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com>
Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
Cc: Jonathan Cameron <jic23@kernel.org>
Cc: Pali Rohar <pali.rohar@gmail.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Cc: Jacek Anaszewski <jacek.anaszewski@gmail.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Robert Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Cc: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Valentina Manea <valentina.manea.m@gmail.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@dell.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
|
|
The error handling in cgroup_event_listener.c did not correctly deal
with either an error opening either <control_file> or
cgroup.event_control. Due to an uninitialized variable the program
exit code was undefined if either of these opens failed.
This patch simplifies and corrects cgroup_event_listener.c error
handling by:
1. using err*() rather than printf(),exit()
2. depending on process exit to close open files
With this patch failures always return non-zero error.
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Move the cgroup_event_listener.c tool from Documentation into the new
tools/cgroup directory.
This change involves wiring cgroup_event_listener.c into the tools/
make system so that is can be built with:
$ make tools/cgroup
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
