blk-mq: implement new and more efficient tagging scheme

blk-mq currently uses percpu_ida for tag allocation. But that only
works well if the ratio between tag space and number of CPUs is
sufficiently high. For most devices and systems, that is not the
case. The end result if that we either only utilize the tag space
partially, or we end up attempting to fully exhaust it and run
into lots of lock contention with stealing between CPUs. This is
not optimal.

This new tagging scheme is a hybrid bitmap allocator. It uses
two tricks to both be SMP friendly and allow full exhaustion
of the space:

1) We cache the last allocated (or freed) tag on a per blk-mq
   software context basis. This allows us to limit the space
   we have to search. The key element here is not caching it
   in the shared tag structure, otherwise we end up dirtying
   more shared cache lines on each allocate/free operation.

2) The tag space is split into cache line sized groups, and
   each context will start off randomly in that space. Even up
   to full utilization of the space, this divides the tag users
   efficiently into cache line groups, avoiding dirtying the same
   one both between allocators and between allocator and freeer.

This scheme shows drastically better behaviour, both on small
tag spaces but on large ones as well. It has been tested extensively
to show better performance for all the cases blk-mq cares about.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

1 files changed, 3 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/block/blk-mq.h b/block/blk-mq.h
index 1ae364ceaf8b..97cfab9c092f 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq.h
+++ b/block/blk-mq.h
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ struct blk_mq_ctx {
 	unsigned int		cpu;
 	unsigned int		index_hw;
 
+	unsigned int		last_tag ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+
 	/* incremented at dispatch time */
 	unsigned long		rq_dispatched[2];
 	unsigned long		rq_merged;
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ struct blk_mq_ctx {
 
 	struct request_queue	*queue;
 	struct kobject		kobj;
-};
+} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
 
 void __blk_mq_complete_request(struct request *rq);
 void blk_mq_run_hw_queue(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx, bool async);