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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2015-02-17 08:38:30 -0800
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2015-02-17 08:38:30 -0800
commitc397f8fa4379040bada53256c848e62c8b060392 (patch)
tree8101efb5c0c3b0a73e5e65f3474843c0914cc4d0 /Documentation/filesystems/xip.txt
parent796e1c55717e9a6ff5c81b12289ffa1ffd919b6f (diff)
parentaaaf5fbf56f16c81a653713cc333b18ad6e25ea9 (diff)
downloadlwn-c397f8fa4379040bada53256c848e62c8b060392.tar.gz
lwn-c397f8fa4379040bada53256c848e62c8b060392.zip
Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)
Merge fifth set of updates from Andrew Morton: - A few things which were awaiting merges from linux-next: - rtc - ocfs2 - misc others - Willy's "dax" feature: direct fs access to memory (mainly NV-DIMMs) which isn't backed by pageframes. * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (37 commits) rtc: add driver for DS1685 family of real time clocks MAINTAINERS: add entry for Maxim PMICs on Samsung boards lib/Kconfig: use bool instead of boolean powerpc: drop _PAGE_FILE and pte_file()-related helpers ocfs2: set append dio as a ro compat feature ocfs2: wait for orphan recovery first once append O_DIRECT write crash ocfs2: complete the rest request through buffer io ocfs2: do not fallback to buffer I/O write if appending ocfs2: allocate blocks in ocfs2_direct_IO_get_blocks ocfs2: implement ocfs2_direct_IO_write ocfs2: add orphan recovery types in ocfs2_recover_orphans ocfs2: add functions to add and remove inode in orphan dir ocfs2: prepare some interfaces used in append direct io MAINTAINERS: fix spelling mistake & remove trailing WS dax: does not work correctly with virtual aliasing caches brd: rename XIP to DAX ext4: add DAX functionality dax: add dax_zero_page_range ext2: get rid of most mentions of XIP in ext2 ext2: remove ext2_aops_xip ...
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-Execute-in-place for file mappings
-----------------------------------
-
-Motivation
-----------
-File mappings are performed by mapping page cache pages to userspace. In
-addition, read&write type file operations also transfer data from/to the page
-cache.
-
-For memory backed storage devices that use the block device interface, the page
-cache pages are in fact copies of the original storage. Various approaches
-exist to work around the need for an extra copy. The ramdisk driver for example
-does read the data into the page cache, keeps a reference, and discards the
-original data behind later on.
-
-Execute-in-place solves this issue the other way around: instead of keeping
-data in the page cache, the need to have a page cache copy is eliminated
-completely. With execute-in-place, read&write type operations are performed
-directly from/to the memory backed storage device. For file mappings, the
-storage device itself is mapped directly into userspace.
-
-This implementation was initially written for shared memory segments between
-different virtual machines on s390 hardware to allow multiple machines to
-share the same binaries and libraries.
-
-Implementation
---------------
-Execute-in-place is implemented in three steps: block device operation,
-address space operation, and file operations.
-
-A block device operation named direct_access is used to translate the
-block device sector number to a page frame number (pfn) that identifies
-the physical page for the memory. It also returns a kernel virtual
-address that can be used to access the memory.
-
-The direct_access method takes a 'size' parameter that indicates the
-number of bytes being requested. The function should return the number
-of bytes that can be contiguously accessed at that offset. It may also
-return a negative errno if an error occurs.
-
-The block device operation is optional, these block devices support it as of
-today:
-- dcssblk: s390 dcss block device driver
-
-An address space operation named get_xip_mem is used to retrieve references
-to a page frame number and a kernel address. To obtain these values a reference
-to an address_space is provided. This function assigns values to the kmem and
-pfn parameters. The third argument indicates whether the function should allocate
-blocks if needed.
-
-This address space operation is mutually exclusive with readpage&writepage that
-do page cache read/write operations.
-The following filesystems support it as of today:
-- ext2: the second extended filesystem, see Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt
-
-A set of file operations that do utilize get_xip_page can be found in
-mm/filemap_xip.c . The following file operation implementations are provided:
-- aio_read/aio_write
-- readv/writev
-- sendfile
-
-The generic file operations do_sync_read/do_sync_write can be used to implement
-classic synchronous IO calls.
-
-Shortcomings
-------------
-This implementation is limited to storage devices that are cpu addressable at
-all times (no highmem or such). It works well on rom/ram, but enhancements are
-needed to make it work with flash in read+write mode.
-Putting the Linux kernel and/or its modules on a xip filesystem does not mean
-they are not copied.