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authorJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>2022-08-29 11:19:15 -0600
committerJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>2022-08-29 11:19:15 -0600
commit7ebeef22dcc2c3db83dcd1e8292744cf29c1859f (patch)
treebb11f55822032e1e628b6aabae3e5133087aabe0
parente1a0cc8865e3152e9fe43c6436b44e64c0359dfb (diff)
parent712e1dea2e4f006f3e16fc45293469ca3421210c (diff)
downloadlwn-7ebeef22dcc2c3db83dcd1e8292744cf29c1859f.tar.gz
lwn-7ebeef22dcc2c3db83dcd1e8292744cf29c1859f.zip
Merge branch 'docs-mw' into docs-next
-rw-r--r--Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-bcma2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fcoe2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst91
-rw-r--r--Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/vmcoreinfo.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/bpf/map_cgroup_storage.rst4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/conf.py39
-rw-r--r--Documentation/core-api/cpu_hotplug.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/driver-api/isa.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/filesystems/caching/backend-api.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/filesystems/ext4/super.rst6
-rw-r--r--Documentation/filesystems/xfs-delayed-logging-design.rst12
-rw-r--r--Documentation/locking/seqlock.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/trace/histogram.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/trace/timerlat-tracer.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/translations/zh_CN/IRQ.txt39
-rw-r--r--Documentation/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/index.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/io_ordering.rst60
-rw-r--r--Documentation/translations/zh_CN/io_ordering.txt67
-rw-r--r--Documentation/translations/zh_CN/oops-tracing.txt212
-rw-r--r--Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst84
-rw-r--r--Documentation/translations/zh_CN/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/translations/zh_TW/oops-tracing.txt212
-rw-r--r--Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/mmu.rst2
30 files changed, 180 insertions, 684 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-bcma b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-bcma
index 721b4aea3020..e93d3ddca844 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-bcma
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-bcma
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Date: May 2011
KernelVersion: 3.0
Contact: Rafał Miłecki <zajec5@gmail.com>
Description:
- Each BCMA core has it's manufacturer id. See
+ Each BCMA core has its manufacturer id. See
include/linux/bcma/bcma.h for possible values.
What: /sys/bus/bcma/devices/.../id
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fcoe b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fcoe
index 8fe787cc4ab7..5a4f2091ac37 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fcoe
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-fcoe
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Description: 'FCoE Controller' instances on the fcoe bus.
1) Write interface name to ctlr_create 2) Configure the FCoE
Controller (ctlr_X) 3) Enable the FCoE Controller to begin
discovery and login. The FCoE Controller is destroyed by
- writing it's name, i.e. ctlr_X to the ctlr_delete file.
+ writing its name, i.e. ctlr_X to the ctlr_delete file.
Attributes:
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity
index 3aac6dab8775..9b9d1cc9b703 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Description:
on the signal from which time of flight measurements are
taken.
The appropriate values to take is dependent on both the
- sensor and it's operating environment:
+ sensor and its operating environment:
* as3935 (0-31 range)
18 = indoors (default)
14 = outdoors
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu
index 5bf61881f012..4b422f7dfe99 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ Description: Processor frequency boosting control
This switch controls the boost setting for the whole system.
Boosting allows the CPU and the firmware to run at a frequency
- beyond it's nominal limit.
+ beyond its nominal limit.
More details can be found in
Documentation/admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power
index 90ec4987074b..f99d433ff311 100644
--- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power
+++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-power
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Description:
case further investigation is required to determine which
device is causing the problem. Note that genuine RTC clock
values (such as when pm_trace has not been used), can still
- match a device and output it's name here.
+ match a device and output its name here.
What: /sys/power/pm_async
Date: January 2009
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst
index 42cc5d891bd2..7b1c85a16dc3 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.rst
@@ -477,6 +477,6 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
So if you need to wait for both an RCU grace period and for
all pre-existing call_rcu() callbacks, you will need to execute
both rcu_barrier() and synchronize_rcu(), if necessary, using
- something like workqueues to to execute them concurrently.
+ something like workqueues to execute them concurrently.
See rcubarrier.rst for more information.
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst b/Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst
index cc860a0c296b..a94f55991a71 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/lockdep.rst
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ checking of rcu_dereference() primitives:
rcu_access_pointer(p):
Return the value of the pointer and omit all barriers,
but retain the compiler constraints that prevent duplicating
- or coalescsing. This is useful when when testing the
+ or coalescsing. This is useful when testing the
value of the pointer itself, for example, against NULL.
The rcu_dereference_check() check expression can be any boolean
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
index 9eb6b9042f75..9a969c0157f1 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
@@ -262,8 +262,6 @@ Compiling the kernel
- Make sure you have at least gcc 5.1 available.
For more information, refer to :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst <changes>`.
- Please note that you can still run a.out user programs with this kernel.
-
- Do a ``make`` to create a compressed kernel image. It is also
possible to do ``make install`` if you have lilo installed to suit the
kernel makefiles, but you may want to check your particular lilo setup first.
@@ -332,85 +330,10 @@ Compiling the kernel
If something goes wrong
-----------------------
- - If you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please check
- the file MAINTAINERS to see if there is a particular person associated
- with the part of the kernel that you are having trouble with. If there
- isn't anyone listed there, then the second best thing is to mail
- them to me (torvalds@linux-foundation.org), and possibly to any other
- relevant mailing-list or to the newsgroup.
-
- - In all bug-reports, *please* tell what kernel you are talking about,
- how to duplicate the problem, and what your setup is (use your common
- sense). If the problem is new, tell me so, and if the problem is
- old, please try to tell me when you first noticed it.
-
- - If the bug results in a message like::
-
- unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010
- Oops: 0002
- EIP: 0010:XXXXXXXX
- eax: xxxxxxxx ebx: xxxxxxxx ecx: xxxxxxxx edx: xxxxxxxx
- esi: xxxxxxxx edi: xxxxxxxx ebp: xxxxxxxx
- ds: xxxx es: xxxx fs: xxxx gs: xxxx
- Pid: xx, process nr: xx
- xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
-
- or similar kernel debugging information on your screen or in your
- system log, please duplicate it *exactly*. The dump may look
- incomprehensible to you, but it does contain information that may
- help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also
- important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in
- the above example, it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information
- on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst
-
- - If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump
- as is, otherwise you will have to use the ``ksymoops`` program to make
- sense of the dump (but compiling with CONFIG_KALLSYMS is usually preferred).
- This utility can be downloaded from
- https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/ .
- Alternatively, you can do the dump lookup by hand:
-
- - In debugging dumps like the above, it helps enormously if you can
- look up what the EIP value means. The hex value as such doesn't help
- me or anybody else very much: it will depend on your particular
- kernel setup. What you should do is take the hex value from the EIP
- line (ignore the ``0010:``), and look it up in the kernel namelist to
- see which kernel function contains the offending address.
-
- To find out the kernel function name, you'll need to find the system
- binary associated with the kernel that exhibited the symptom. This is
- the file 'linux/vmlinux'. To extract the namelist and match it against
- the EIP from the kernel crash, do::
-
- nm vmlinux | sort | less
-
- This will give you a list of kernel addresses sorted in ascending
- order, from which it is simple to find the function that contains the
- offending address. Note that the address given by the kernel
- debugging messages will not necessarily match exactly with the
- function addresses (in fact, that is very unlikely), so you can't
- just 'grep' the list: the list will, however, give you the starting
- point of each kernel function, so by looking for the function that
- has a starting address lower than the one you are searching for but
- is followed by a function with a higher address you will find the one
- you want. In fact, it may be a good idea to include a bit of
- "context" in your problem report, giving a few lines around the
- interesting one.
-
- If you for some reason cannot do the above (you have a pre-compiled
- kernel image or similar), telling me as much about your setup as
- possible will help. Please read
- 'Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst' for details.
-
- - Alternatively, you can use gdb on a running kernel. (read-only; i.e. you
- cannot change values or set break points.) To do this, first compile the
- kernel with -g; edit arch/x86/Makefile appropriately, then do a ``make
- clean``. You'll also need to enable CONFIG_PROC_FS (via ``make config``).
-
- After you've rebooted with the new kernel, do ``gdb vmlinux /proc/kcore``.
- You can now use all the usual gdb commands. The command to look up the
- point where your system crashed is ``l *0xXXXXXXXX``. (Replace the XXXes
- with the EIP value.)
-
- gdb'ing a non-running kernel currently fails because ``gdb`` (wrongly)
- disregards the starting offset for which the kernel is compiled.
+If you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please follow the
+instructions at 'Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst'.
+
+Hints on understanding kernel bug reports are in
+'Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst'. More on debugging the kernel
+with gdb is in 'Documentation/dev-tools/gdb-kernel-debugging.rst' and
+'Documentation/dev-tools/kgdb.rst'.
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/vmcoreinfo.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/vmcoreinfo.rst
index 8419019b6a88..6726f439958c 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/vmcoreinfo.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/vmcoreinfo.rst
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ prb
A pointer to the printk ringbuffer (struct printk_ringbuffer). This
may be pointing to the static boot ringbuffer or the dynamically
-allocated ringbuffer, depending on when the the core dump occurred.
+allocated ringbuffer, depending on when the core dump occurred.
Used by user-space tools to read the active kernel log buffer.
printk_rb_static
diff --git a/Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst b/Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst
index 1b0e6711dec9..0ac7ae40be37 100644
--- a/Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst
+++ b/Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ code field of ``BPF_END``.
The byte swap instructions operate on the destination register
only and do not use a separate source register or immediate value.
-The 1-bit source operand field in the opcode is used to to select what byte
+The 1-bit source operand field in the opcode is used to select what byte
order the operation convert from or to:
========= ===== =================================================
diff --git a/Documentation/bpf/map_cgroup_storage.rst b/Documentation/bpf/map_cgroup_storage.rst
index cab9543017bf..8e5fe532c07e 100644
--- a/Documentation/bpf/map_cgroup_storage.rst
+++ b/Documentation/bpf/map_cgroup_storage.rst
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ The map uses key of type of either ``__u64 cgroup_inode_id`` or
};
``cgroup_inode_id`` is the inode id of the cgroup directory.
-``attach_type`` is the the program's attach type.
+``attach_type`` is the program's attach type.
Linux 5.9 added support for type ``__u64 cgroup_inode_id`` as the key type.
When this key type is used, then all attach types of the particular cgroup and
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ However, the BPF program can still only associate with one map of each type
``BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE`` or more than one
``BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_CGROUP_STORAGE``.
-In all versions, userspace may use the the attach parameters of cgroup and
+In all versions, userspace may use the attach parameters of cgroup and
attach type pair in ``struct bpf_cgroup_storage_key`` as the key to the BPF map
APIs to read or update the storage for a given attachment. For Linux 5.9
attach type shared storages, only the first value in the struct, cgroup inode
diff --git a/Documentation/conf.py b/Documentation/conf.py
index 255384d094bf..78dd6d1e7b88 100644
--- a/Documentation/conf.py
+++ b/Documentation/conf.py
@@ -15,6 +15,18 @@
import sys
import os
import sphinx
+import shutil
+
+# helper
+# ------
+
+def have_command(cmd):
+ """Search ``cmd`` in the ``PATH`` environment.
+
+ If found, return True.
+ If not found, return False.
+ """
+ return shutil.which(cmd) is not None
# Get Sphinx version
major, minor, patch = sphinx.version_info[:3]
@@ -107,7 +119,32 @@ else:
autosectionlabel_prefix_document = True
autosectionlabel_maxdepth = 2
-extensions.append("sphinx.ext.imgmath")
+# Load math renderer:
+# For html builder, load imgmath only when its dependencies are met.
+# mathjax is the default math renderer since Sphinx 1.8.
+have_latex = have_command('latex')
+have_dvipng = have_command('dvipng')
+load_imgmath = have_latex and have_dvipng
+
+# Respect SPHINX_IMGMATH (for html docs only)
+if 'SPHINX_IMGMATH' in os.environ:
+ env_sphinx_imgmath = os.environ['SPHINX_IMGMATH']
+ if 'yes' in env_sphinx_imgmath:
+ load_imgmath = True
+ elif 'no' in env_sphinx_imgmath:
+ load_imgmath = False
+ else:
+ sys.stderr.write("Unknown env SPHINX_IMGMATH=%s ignored.\n" % env_sphinx_imgmath)
+
+# Always load imgmath for Sphinx <1.8 or for epub docs
+load_imgmath = (load_imgmath or (major == 1 and minor < 8)
+ or 'epub' in sys.argv)
+
+if load_imgmath:
+ extensions.append("sphinx.ext.imgmath")
+ math_renderer = 'imgmath'
+else:
+ math_renderer = 'mathjax'
# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
templates_path = ['_templates']
diff --git a/Documentation/core-api/cpu_hotplug.rst b/Documentation/core-api/cpu_hotplug.rst
index c6f4ba2fb32d..f75778d37488 100644
--- a/Documentation/core-api/cpu_hotplug.rst
+++ b/Documentation/core-api/cpu_hotplug.rst
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ available:
* cpuhp_state_remove_instance(state, node)
* cpuhp_state_remove_instance_nocalls(state, node)
-The arguments are the same as for the the cpuhp_state_add_instance*()
+The arguments are the same as for the cpuhp_state_add_instance*()
variants above.
The functions differ in the way how the installed callbacks are treated:
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/isa.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/isa.rst
index def4a7b690b5..3df1b1696524 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/isa.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/isa.rst
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ I believe platform_data is available for this, but if rather not, moving
the isa_driver pointer to the private struct isa_dev is ofcourse fine as
well.
-Then, if the the driver did not provide a .match, it matches. If it did,
+Then, if the driver did not provide a .match, it matches. If it did,
the driver match() method is called to determine a match.
If it did **not** match, dev->platform_data is reset to indicate this to
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/caching/backend-api.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/caching/backend-api.rst
index d7507becf674..3a199fc50828 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/caching/backend-api.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/caching/backend-api.rst
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ volumes, calling::
to tell fscache that a volume has been withdrawn. This waits for all
outstanding accesses on the volume to complete before returning.
-When the the cache is completely withdrawn, fscache should be notified by
+When the cache is completely withdrawn, fscache should be notified by
calling::
void fscache_relinquish_cache(struct fscache_cache *cache);
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4/super.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4/super.rst
index 268888522e35..0152888cac29 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4/super.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4/super.rst
@@ -456,15 +456,15 @@ The ext4 superblock is laid out as follows in
* - 0x277
- __u8
- s_lastcheck_hi
- - Upper 8 bits of the s_lastcheck_hi field.
+ - Upper 8 bits of the s_lastcheck field.
* - 0x278
- __u8
- s_first_error_time_hi
- - Upper 8 bits of the s_first_error_time_hi field.
+ - Upper 8 bits of the s_first_error_time field.
* - 0x279
- __u8
- s_last_error_time_hi
- - Upper 8 bits of the s_last_error_time_hi field.
+ - Upper 8 bits of the s_last_error_time field.
* - 0x27A
- __u8
- s_pad[2]
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/xfs-delayed-logging-design.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/xfs-delayed-logging-design.rst
index 4ef419f54663..02b32030bab3 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/xfs-delayed-logging-design.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/xfs-delayed-logging-design.rst
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ transactions together::
ntp = xfs_trans_dup(tp);
xfs_trans_commit(tp);
- xfs_log_reserve(ntp);
+ xfs_trans_reserve(ntp);
This results in a series of "rolling transactions" where the inode is locked
across the entire chain of transactions. Hence while this series of rolling
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ transaction rolling mechanism to re-reserve space on every transaction roll. We
know from the implementation of the permanent transactions how many transaction
rolls are likely for the common modifications that need to be made.
-For example, and inode allocation is typically two transactions - one to
+For example, an inode allocation is typically two transactions - one to
physically allocate a free inode chunk on disk, and another to allocate an inode
from an inode chunk that has free inodes in it. Hence for an inode allocation
transaction, we might set the reservation log count to a value of 2 to indicate
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ chain. Each time a permanent transaction rolls, it consumes an entire unit
reservation.
Hence when the permanent transaction is first allocated, the log space
-reservation is increases from a single unit reservation to multiple unit
+reservation is increased from a single unit reservation to multiple unit
reservations. That multiple is defined by the reservation log count, and this
means we can roll the transaction multiple times before we have to re-reserve
log space when we roll the transaction. This ensures that the common
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ the next transaction in the sequeunce, but we have none remaining. We cannot
sleep during the transaction commit process waiting for new log space to become
available, as we may end up on the end of the FIFO queue and the items we have
locked while we sleep could end up pinning the tail of the log before there is
-enough free space in the log to fulfil all of the pending reservations and
+enough free space in the log to fulfill all of the pending reservations and
then wake up transaction commit in progress.
To take a new reservation without sleeping requires us to be able to take a
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ those changes into the current checkpoint context. We then initialise a new
context and attach that to the CIL for aggregation of new transactions.
This allows us to unlock the CIL immediately after transfer of all the
-committed items and effectively allow new transactions to be issued while we
+committed items and effectively allows new transactions to be issued while we
are formatting the checkpoint into the log. It also allows concurrent
checkpoints to be written into the log buffers in the case of log force heavy
workloads, just like the existing transaction commit code does. This, however,
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ can be multiple outstanding checkpoint contexts, we can still see elevated pin
counts, but as each checkpoint completes the pin count will retain the correct
value according to it's context.
-Just to make matters more slightly more complex, this checkpoint level context
+Just to make matters slightly more complex, this checkpoint level context
for the pin count means that the pinning of an item must take place under the
CIL commit/flush lock. If we pin the object outside this lock, we cannot
guarantee which context the pin count is associated with. This is because of
diff --git a/Documentation/locking/seqlock.rst b/Documentation/locking/seqlock.rst
index 64405e5da63e..bfda1a5fecad 100644
--- a/Documentation/locking/seqlock.rst
+++ b/Documentation/locking/seqlock.rst
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ as the writer can invalidate a pointer that the reader is following.
Sequence counters (``seqcount_t``)
==================================
-This is the the raw counting mechanism, which does not protect against
+This is the raw counting mechanism, which does not protect against
multiple writers. Write side critical sections must thus be serialized
by an external lock.
diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst
index 59b2d1fb4dc4..03db55504515 100644
--- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst
+++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ other HZ detail. Thus the CFS scheduler has no notion of "timeslices" in the
way the previous scheduler had, and has no heuristics whatsoever. There is
only one central tunable (you have to switch on CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG):
- /proc/sys/kernel/sched_min_granularity_ns
+ /sys/kernel/debug/sched/min_granularity_ns
which can be used to tune the scheduler from "desktop" (i.e., low latencies) to
"server" (i.e., good batching) workloads. It defaults to a setting suitable
diff --git a/Documentation/trace/histogram.rst b/Documentation/trace/histogram.rst
index 859fd1b76c63..c1b685a38f6b 100644
--- a/Documentation/trace/histogram.rst
+++ b/Documentation/trace/histogram.rst
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ Extended error information
Because the default sort key above is 'hitcount', the above shows a
the list of call_sites by increasing hitcount, so that at the bottom
we see the functions that made the most kmalloc calls during the
- run. If instead we we wanted to see the top kmalloc callers in
+ run. If instead we wanted to see the top kmalloc callers in
terms of the number of bytes requested rather than the number of
calls, and we wanted the top caller to appear at the top, we can use
the 'sort' parameter, along with the 'descending' modifier::
diff --git a/Documentation/trace/timerlat-tracer.rst b/Documentation/trace/timerlat-tracer.rst
index d643c95c01eb..db17df312bc8 100644
--- a/Documentation/trace/timerlat-tracer.rst
+++ b/Documentation/trace/timerlat-tracer.rst
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ For example::
[root@f32 ~]# cd /sys/kernel/tracing/
[root@f32 tracing]# echo timerlat > current_tracer
-It is possible to follow the trace by reading the trace trace file::
+It is possible to follow the trace by reading the trace file::
[root@f32 tracing]# cat trace
# tracer: timerlat
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/IRQ.txt b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/IRQ.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9aec8dca4fcf..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/IRQ.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-Chinese translated version of Documentation/core-api/irq/index.rst
-
-If you have any comment or update to the content, please contact the
-original document maintainer directly. However, if you have a problem
-communicating in English you can also ask the Chinese maintainer for
-help. Contact the Chinese maintainer if this translation is outdated
-or if there is a problem with the translation.
-
-Maintainer: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederman@xmission.com>
-Chinese maintainer: Fu Wei <tekkamanninja@gmail.com>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-Documentation/core-api/irq/index.rst 的中文翻译
-
-如果想评论或更新本文的内容,请直接联系原文档的维护者。如果你使用英文
-交流有困难的话,也可以向中文版维护者求助。如果本翻译更新不及时或者翻
-译存在问题,请联系中文版维护者。
-英文版维护者: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederman@xmission.com>
-中文版维护者: 傅炜 Fu Wei <tekkamanninja@gmail.com>
-中文版翻译者: 傅炜 Fu Wei <tekkamanninja@gmail.com>
-中文版校译者: 傅炜 Fu Wei <tekkamanninja@gmail.com>
-
-
-以下为正文
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-何为 IRQ?
-
-一个 IRQ 是来自某个设备的一个中断请求。目前,它们可以来自一个硬件引脚,
-或来自一个数据包。多个设备可能连接到同个硬件引脚,从而共享一个 IRQ。
-
-一个 IRQ 编号是用于告知硬件中断源的内核标识。通常情况下,这是一个
-全局 irq_desc 数组的索引,但是除了在 linux/interrupt.h 中的实现,
-具体的细节是体系结构特定的。
-
-一个 IRQ 编号是设备上某个可能的中断源的枚举。通常情况下,枚举的编号是
-该引脚在系统内中断控制器的所有输入引脚中的编号。对于 ISA 总线中的情况,
-枚举的是在两个 i8259 中断控制器中 16 个输入引脚。
-
-架构可以对 IRQ 编号指定额外的含义,在硬件涉及任何手工配置的情况下,
-是被提倡的。ISA 的 IRQ 是一个分配这类额外含义的典型例子。
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/index.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/index.rst
index 24eb2198e5f1..ba354e1f4e6d 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/index.rst
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Linux驱动实现者的API指南
:maxdepth: 2
gpio/index
+ io_ordering
Todolist:
@@ -97,7 +98,6 @@ Todolist:
* isa
* isapnp
* io-mapping
-* io_ordering
* generic-counter
* memory-devices/index
* men-chameleon-bus
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/io_ordering.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/io_ordering.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4dbfa4ce92a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/io_ordering.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
+
+:Original: Documentation/driver-api/io_ordering.rst
+
+:翻译:
+
+ 林永听 Lin Yongting <linyongting@gmail.com>
+ 司延腾 Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn>
+
+:校译:
+
+===========================
+对内存映射地址的I/O写入排序
+===========================
+
+在某些平台上,所谓的内存映射I/O是弱顺序。在这些平台上,驱动开发者有责任
+保证I/O内存映射地址的写操作按程序图意的顺序达到设备。通常读取一个“安全”
+设备寄存器或桥寄存器,触发IO芯片清刷未处理的写操作到达设备后才处理读操作,
+而达到保证目的。驱动程序通常在spinlock保护的临界区退出之前使用这种技术。
+这也可以保证后面的写操作只在前面的写操作之后到达设备(这非常类似于内存
+屏障操作,mb(),不过仅适用于I/O)。
+
+假设一个设备驱动程的具体例子::
+
+ ...
+ CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
+ CPU A: val = readl(my_status);
+ CPU A: ...
+ CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
+ CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
+ ...
+ CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
+ CPU B: val = readl(my_status);
+ CPU B: ...
+ CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
+ CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
+ ...
+
+上述例子中,设备可能会先接收到newval2的值,然后接收到newval的值,问题就
+发生了。不过很容易通过下面方法来修复::
+
+ ...
+ CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
+ CPU A: val = readl(my_status);
+ CPU A: ...
+ CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
+ CPU A: (void)readl(safe_register); /* 配置寄存器?*/
+ CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
+ ...
+ CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
+ CPU B: val = readl(my_status);
+ CPU B: ...
+ CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
+ CPU B: (void)readl(safe_register); /* 配置寄存器?*/
+ CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
+
+在解决方案中,读取safe_register寄存器,触发IO芯片清刷未处理的写操作,
+再处理后面的读操作,防止引发数据不一致问题。
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/io_ordering.txt b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/io_ordering.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 7bb3086227ae..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/io_ordering.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-Chinese translated version of Documentation/driver-api/io_ordering.rst
-
-If you have any comment or update to the content, please contact the
-original document maintainer directly. However, if you have a problem
-communicating in English you can also ask the Chinese maintainer for
-help. Contact the Chinese maintainer if this translation is outdated
-or if there is a problem with the translation.
-
-Chinese maintainer: Lin Yongting <linyongting@gmail.com>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-Documentation/driver-api/io_ordering.rst 的中文翻译
-
-如果想评论或更新本文的内容,请直接联系原文档的维护者。如果你使用英文
-交流有困难的话,也可以向中文版维护者求助。如果本翻译更新不及时或者翻
-译存在问题,请联系中文版维护者。
-
-中文版维护者: 林永听 Lin Yongting <linyongting@gmail.com>
-中文版翻译者: 林永听 Lin Yongting <linyongting@gmail.com>
-中文版校译者: 林永听 Lin Yongting <linyongting@gmail.com>
-
-
-以下为正文
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-在某些平台上,所谓的内存映射I/O是弱顺序。在这些平台上,驱动开发者有责任
-保证I/O内存映射地址的写操作按程序图意的顺序达到设备。通常读取一个“安全”
-设备寄存器或桥寄存器,触发IO芯片清刷未处理的写操作到达设备后才处理读操作,
-而达到保证目的。驱动程序通常在spinlock保护的临界区退出之前使用这种技术。
-这也可以保证后面的写操作只在前面的写操作之后到达设备(这非常类似于内存
-屏障操作,mb(),不过仅适用于I/O)。
-
-假设一个设备驱动程的具体例子:
-
- ...
-CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
-CPU A: val = readl(my_status);
-CPU A: ...
-CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
-CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
- ...
-CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
-CPU B: val = readl(my_status);
-CPU B: ...
-CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
-CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
- ...
-
-上述例子中,设备可能会先接收到newval2的值,然后接收到newval的值,问题就
-发生了。不过很容易通过下面方法来修复:
-
- ...
-CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
-CPU A: val = readl(my_status);
-CPU A: ...
-CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
-CPU A: (void)readl(safe_register); /* 配置寄存器?*/
-CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
- ...
-CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&dev_lock, flags)
-CPU B: val = readl(my_status);
-CPU B: ...
-CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
-CPU B: (void)readl(safe_register); /* 配置寄存器?*/
-CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_lock, flags)
-
-在解决方案中,读取safe_register寄存器,触发IO芯片清刷未处理的写操作,
-再处理后面的读操作,防止引发数据不一致问题。
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/oops-tracing.txt b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/oops-tracing.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c5f3bda7abcb..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/oops-tracing.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
-Chinese translated version of Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst
-
-If you have any comment or update to the content, please contact the
-original document maintainer directly. However, if you have a problem
-communicating in English you can also ask the Chinese maintainer for
-help. Contact the Chinese maintainer if this translation is outdated
-or if there is a problem with the translation.
-
-Chinese maintainer: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst 的中文翻译
-
-如果想评论或更新本文的内容,请直接联系原文档的维护者。如果你使用英文
-交流有困难的话,也可以向中文版维护者求助。如果本翻译更新不及时或者翻
-译存在问题,请联系中文版维护者。
-
-中文版维护者: 杨瑞 Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>
-中文版翻译者: 杨瑞 Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>
-中文版校译者: 李阳 Li Yang <leoyang.li@nxp.com>
- 王聪 Wang Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
-
-以下为正文
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-注意: ksymoops 在2.6中是没有用的。 请以原有格式使用Oops(来自dmesg,等等)。
-忽略任何这样那样关于“解码Oops”或者“通过ksymoops运行”的文档。 如果你贴出运行过
-ksymoops的来自2.6的Oops,人们只会让你重贴一次。
-
-快速总结
--------------
-
-发现Oops并发送给看似相关的内核领域的维护者。别太担心对不上号。如果你不确定就发给
-和你所做的事情相关的代码的负责人。 如果可重现试着描述怎样重构。 那甚至比oops更有
-价值。
-
-如果你对于发送给谁一无所知, 发给linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org。感谢你帮助Linux
-尽可能地稳定。
-
-Oops在哪里?
-----------------------
-
-通常Oops文本由klogd从内核缓冲区里读取并传给syslogd,由syslogd写到syslog文件中,
-典型地是/var/log/messages(依赖于/etc/syslog.conf)。有时klogd崩溃了,这种情况下你
-能够运行dmesg > file来从内核缓冲区中读取数据并保存下来。 否则你可以
-cat /proc/kmsg > file, 然而你必须介入中止传输, kmsg是一个“永不结束的文件”。如
-果机器崩溃坏到你不能输入命令或者磁盘不可用那么你有三种选择:-
-
-(1) 手抄屏幕上的文本待机器重启后再输入计算机。 麻烦但如果没有针对崩溃的准备,
-这是仅有的选择。 另外,你可以用数码相机把屏幕拍下来-不太好,但比没有强。 如果信
-息滚动到了终端的上面,你会发现以高分辩率启动(比如,vga=791)会让你读到更多的文
-本。(注意:这需要vesafb,所以对‘早期’的oops没有帮助)
-
-(2)用串口终端启动(请参看Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst),运行一个null
-modem到另一台机器并用你喜欢的通讯工具获取输出。Minicom工作地很好。
-
-(3)使用Kdump(请参看Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst),
-使用在Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/gdbmacros.txt中定义的dmesg gdb宏,从旧的内存中提取内核
-环形缓冲区。
-
-完整信息
-----------------
-
-注意:以下来自于Linus的邮件适用于2.4内核。 我因为历史原因保留了它,并且因为其中
-一些信息仍然适用。 特别注意的是,请忽略任何ksymoops的引用。
-
-From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
-怎样跟踪Oops.. [原发到linux-kernel的一封邮件]
-
-主要的窍门是有五年和这些烦人的oops消息打交道的经验;-)
-
-实际上,你有办法使它更简单。我有两个不同的方法:
-
- gdb /usr/src/linux/vmlinux
- gdb> disassemble <offending_function>
-
-那是发现问题的简单办法,至少如果bug报告做的好的情况下(象这个一样-运行ksymoops
-得到oops发生的函数及函数内的偏移)。
-
-哦,如果报告发生的内核以相同的编译器和相似的配置编译它会有帮助的。
-
-另一件要做的事是反汇编bug报告的“Code”部分:ksymoops也会用正确的工具来做这件事,
-但如果没有那些工具你可以写一个傻程序:
-
- char str[] = "\xXX\xXX\xXX...";
- main(){}
-
-并用gcc -g编译它然后执行“disassemble str”(XX部分是由Oops报告的值-你可以仅剪切
-粘贴并用“\x”替换空格-我就是这么做的,因为我懒得写程序自动做这一切)。
-
-另外,你可以用scripts/decodecode这个shell脚本。它的使用方法是:
-decodecode < oops.txt
-
-“Code”之后的十六进制字节可能(在某些架构上)有一些当前指令之前的指令字节以及
-当前和之后的指令字节
-
-Code: f9 0f 8d f9 00 00 00 8d 42 0c e8 dd 26 11 c7 a1 60 ea 2b f9 8b 50 08 a1
-64 ea 2b f9 8d 34 82 8b 1e 85 db 74 6d 8b 15 60 ea 2b f9 <8b> 43 04 39 42 54
-7e 04 40 89 42 54 8b 43 04 3b 05 00 f6 52 c0
-
-最后,如果你想知道代码来自哪里,你可以:
-
- cd /usr/src/linux
- make fs/buffer.s # 或任何产生BUG的文件
-
-然后你会比gdb反汇编更清楚的知道发生了什么。
-
-现在,问题是把你所拥有的所有数据结合起来:C源码(关于它应该怎样的一般知识),
-汇编代码及其反汇编得到的代码(另外还有从“oops”消息得到的寄存器状态-对了解毁坏的
-指针有用,而且当你有了汇编代码你也能拿其它的寄存器和任何它们对应的C表达式做匹配
-)。
-
-实际上,你仅需看看哪里不匹配(这个例子是“Code”反汇编和编译器生成的代码不匹配)。
-然后你须要找出为什么不匹配。通常很简单-你看到代码使用了空指针然后你看代码想知道
-空指针是怎么出现的,还有检查它是否合法..
-
-现在,如果明白这是一项耗时的工作而且需要一丁点儿的专心,没错。这就是我为什么大多
-只是忽略那些没有符号表信息的崩溃报告的原因:简单的说太难查找了(我有一些
-程序用于在内核代码段中搜索特定的模式,而且有时我也已经能找出那些崩溃的地方,但是
-仅仅是找出正确的序列也确实需要相当扎实的内核知识)
-
-_有时_会发生这种情况,我仅看到崩溃中的反汇编代码序列, 然后我马上就明白问题出在
-哪里。这时我才意识到自己干这个工作已经太长时间了;-)
-
- Linus
-
-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-关于Oops跟踪的注解:
-
-为了帮助Linus和其它内核开发者,klogd纳入了大量的支持来处理保护错误。为了拥有对
-地址解析的完整支持至少应该使用1.3-pl3的sysklogd包。
-
-当保护错误发生时,klogd守护进程自动把内核日志信息中的重要地址翻译成它们相应的符
-号。
-
-klogd执行两种类型的地址解析。首先是静态翻译其次是动态翻译。静态翻译和ksymoops
-一样使用System.map文件。为了做静态翻译klogd守护进程必须在初始化时能找到system
-map文件。关于klogd怎样搜索map文件请参看klogd手册页。
-
-动态地址翻译在使用内核可装载模块时很重要。 因为内核模块的内存是从内核动态内存池
-里分配的,所以不管是模块开始位置还是模块中函数和符号的位置都不是固定的。
-
-内核支持允许程序决定装载哪些模块和它们在内存中位置的系统调用。使用这些系统调用
-klogd守护进程生成一张符号表用于调试发生在可装载模块中的保护错误。
-
-至少klogd会提供产生保护错误的模块名。还可有额外的符号信息供可装载模块开发者选择
-以从模块中输出符号信息。
-
-因为内核模块环境可能是动态的,所以必须有一种机制当模块环境发生改变时来通知klogd
-守护进程。 有一些可用的命令行选项允许klogd向当前执行中的守护进程发送信号,告知符
-号信息应该被刷新了。 更多信息请参看klogd手册页。
-
-sysklogd发布时包含一个补丁修改了modules-2.0.0包,无论何时一个模块装载或者卸载都
-会自动向klogd发送信号。打上这个补丁提供了必要的对调试发生于内核可装载模块的保护
-错误的无缝支持。
-
-以下是被klogd处理过的发生在可装载模块中的一个保护错误例子:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address f15e97cc
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: current->tss.cr3 = 0062d000, %cr3 = 0062d000
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: *pde = 00000000
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Oops: 0002
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: CPU: 0
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: EIP: 0010:[oops:_oops+16/3868]
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: EFLAGS: 00010212
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: eax: 315e97cc ebx: 003a6f80 ecx: 001be77b edx: 00237c0c
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: esi: 00000000 edi: bffffdb3 ebp: 00589f90 esp: 00589f8c
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: ds: 0018 es: 0018 fs: 002b gs: 002b ss: 0018
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Process oops_test (pid: 3374, process nr: 21, stackpage=00589000)
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Stack: 315e97cc 00589f98 0100b0b4 bffffed4 0012e38e 00240c64 003a6f80 00000001
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: 00000000 00237810 bfffff00 0010a7fa 00000003 00000001 00000000 bfffff00
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: bffffdb3 bffffed4 ffffffda 0000002b 0007002b 0000002b 0000002b 00000036
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Call Trace: [oops:_oops_ioctl+48/80] [_sys_ioctl+254/272] [_system_call+82/128]
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Code: c7 00 05 00 00 00 eb 08 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 89 ec 5d c3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Dr. G.W. Wettstein Oncology Research Div. Computing Facility
-Roger Maris Cancer Center INTERNET: greg@wind.rmcc.com
-820 4th St. N.
-Fargo, ND 58122
-Phone: 701-234-7556
-
-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-受污染的内核
-
-一些oops报告在程序记数器之后包含字符串'Tainted: '。这表明内核已经被一些东西给污
-染了。 该字符串之后紧跟着一系列的位置敏感的字符,每个代表一个特定的污染值。
-
- 1:'G'如果所有装载的模块都有GPL或相容的许可证,'P'如果装载了任何的专有模块。
-没有模块MODULE_LICENSE或者带有insmod认为是与GPL不相容的的MODULE_LICENSE的模块被
-认定是专有的。
-
- 2:'F'如果有任何通过“insmod -f”被强制装载的模块,' '如果所有模块都被正常装载。
-
- 3:'S'如果oops发生在SMP内核中,运行于没有证明安全运行多处理器的硬件。 当前这种
-情况仅限于几种不支持SMP的速龙处理器。
-
- 4:'R'如果模块通过“insmod -f”被强制装载,' '如果所有模块都被正常装载。
-
- 5:'M'如果任何处理器报告了机器检查异常,' '如果没有发生机器检查异常。
-
- 6:'B'如果页释放函数发现了一个错误的页引用或者一些非预期的页标志。
-
- 7:'U'如果用户或者用户应用程序特别请求设置污染标志,否则' '。
-
- 8:'D'如果内核刚刚死掉,比如有OOPS或者BUG。
-
-使用'Tainted: '字符串的主要原因是要告诉内核调试者,这是否是一个干净的内核亦或发
-生了任何的不正常的事。污染是永久的:即使出错的模块已经被卸载了,污染值仍然存在,
-以表明内核不再值得信任。
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst
index a64858d321fc..3d6ee21c74ae 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst
@@ -1,105 +1,111 @@
.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
-:Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst <submitchecklist>`
-:Translator: Alex Shi <alex.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
+:Original: Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst
+:Translator:
+ - Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org>
+ - Wu XiangCheng <bobwxc@email.cn>
.. _cn_submitchecklist:
-Linux内核补丁提交清单
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Linux内核补丁提交检查单
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
如果开发人员希望看到他们的内核补丁提交更快地被接受,那么他们应该做一些基本
的事情。
-这些都是在
-:ref:`Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submitting-patches.rst <cn_submittingpatches>`
+这些都是在 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submitting-patches.rst
和其他有关提交Linux内核补丁的文档中提供的。
-1) 如果使用工具,则包括定义/声明该工具的文件。不要依赖于其他头文件拉入您使用
+1) 如果使用工具,则包括定义/声明该工具的文件。不要依赖其他头文件来引入您使用
的头文件。
2) 干净的编译:
- a) 使用适用或修改的 ``CONFIG`` 选项 ``=y``、``=m`` 和 ``=n`` 。没有GCC
+ a) 使用合适的 ``CONFIG`` 选项 ``=y``、``=m`` 和 ``=n`` 。没有 ``gcc``
警告/错误,没有链接器警告/错误。
- b) 通过allnoconfig、allmodconfig
+ b) 通过 ``allnoconfig`` 、 ``allmodconfig``
c) 使用 ``O=builddir`` 时可以成功编译
-3) 通过使用本地交叉编译工具或其他一些构建场在多个CPU体系结构上构建。
+ d) 任何 Doucmentation/ 下的变更都能成功构建且不引入新警告/错误。
+ 用 ``make htmldocs`` 或 ``make pdfdocs`` 检验构建情况并修复问题。
+
+3) 通过使用本地交叉编译工具或其他一些构建设施在多个CPU体系结构上构建。
4) PPC64是一种很好的交叉编译检查体系结构,因为它倾向于对64位的数使用无符号
长整型。
-5) 如下所述 :ref:`Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/coding-style.rst <cn_codingstyle>`.
- 检查您的补丁是否为常规样式。在提交( ``scripts/check patch.pl`` )之前,
- 使用补丁样式检查器检查是否有轻微的冲突。您应该能够处理您的补丁中存在的所有
+5) 按 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/coding-style.rst 所述检查您的
+ 补丁是否为常规样式。在提交之前使用补丁样式检查器 ``scripts/checkpatch.pl``
+ 检查是否有轻微的冲突。您应该能够处理您的补丁中存在的所有
违规行为。
-6) 任何新的或修改过的 ``CONFIG`` 选项都不会弄脏配置菜单,并默认为关闭,除非
- 它们符合 ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst`` 中记录的异常条件,
- 菜单属性:默认值.
+6) 任何新的或修改过的 ``CONFIG`` 选项都不应搞乱配置菜单,并默认为关闭,除非
+ 它们符合 ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst`` 菜单属性:默认值中
+ 记录的例外条件。
7) 所有新的 ``kconfig`` 选项都有帮助文本。
8) 已仔细审查了相关的 ``Kconfig`` 组合。这很难用测试来纠正——脑力在这里是有
回报的。
-9) 用 sparse 检查干净。
+9) 通过 sparse 清查。
+ (参见 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/sparse.rst )
10) 使用 ``make checkstack`` 和 ``make namespacecheck`` 并修复他们发现的任何
问题。
.. note::
- ``checkstack`` 并没有明确指出问题,但是任何一个在堆栈上使用超过512
+ ``checkstack`` 并不会明确指出问题,但是任何一个在堆栈上使用超过512
字节的函数都可以进行更改。
-11) 包括 :ref:`kernel-doc <kernel_doc>` 内核文档以记录全局内核API。(静态函数
- 不需要,但也可以。)使用 ``make htmldocs`` 或 ``make pdfdocs`` 检查
- :ref:`kernel-doc <kernel_doc>` 并修复任何问题。
+11) 包括 :ref:`kernel-doc <kernel_doc_zh>` 内核文档以记录全局内核API。(静态
+ 函数不需要,但也可以。)使用 ``make htmldocs`` 或 ``make pdfdocs`` 检查
+ :ref:`kernel-doc <kernel_doc_zh>` 并修复任何问题。
-12) 通过以下选项同时启用的测试 ``CONFIG_PREEMPT``, ``CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT``,
+12) 通过以下选项同时启用的测试: ``CONFIG_PREEMPT``, ``CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT``,
``CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB``, ``CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC``, ``CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES``,
``CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK``, ``CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP``,
- ``CONFIG_PROVE_RCU`` and ``CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD``
-
-13) 已经过构建和运行时测试,包括有或没有 ``CONFIG_SMP``, ``CONFIG_PREEMPT``.
+ ``CONFIG_PROVE_RCU`` 和 ``CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD`` 。
-14) 如果补丁程序影响IO/磁盘等:使用或不使用 ``CONFIG_LBDAF`` 进行测试。
+13) 在 ``CONFIG_SMP``, ``CONFIG_PREEMPT`` 开启和关闭的情况下都进行构建和运行
+ 时测试。
-15) 所有代码路径都已在启用所有lockdep功能的情况下运行。
+14) 所有代码路径都已在启用所有死锁检测(lockdep)功能的情况下运行。
-16) 所有新的/proc条目都记录在 ``Documentation/``
+15) 所有新的 ``/proc`` 条目都记录在 ``Documentation/``
-17) 所有新的内核引导参数都记录在
+16) 所有新的内核引导参数都记录在
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst 中。
-18) 所有新的模块参数都记录在 ``MODULE_PARM_DESC()``
+17) 所有新的模块参数都记录在 ``MODULE_PARM_DESC()``
-19) 所有新的用户空间接口都记录在 ``Documentation/ABI/`` 中。有关详细信息,
+18) 所有新的用户空间接口都记录在 ``Documentation/ABI/`` 中。有关详细信息,
请参阅 ``Documentation/ABI/README`` 。更改用户空间接口的补丁应该抄送
linux-api@vger.kernel.org。
-20) 已通过至少注入slab和page分配失败进行检查。请参阅 ``Documentation/fault-injection/``
+19) 已通过至少注入slab和page分配失败进行检查。请参阅 ``Documentation/fault-injection/`` 。
如果新代码是实质性的,那么添加子系统特定的故障注入可能是合适的。
-21) 新添加的代码已经用 ``gcc -W`` 编译(使用 ``make EXTRA-CFLAGS=-W`` )。这
+20) 新添加的代码已经用 ``gcc -W`` 编译(使用 ``make EXTRA-CFLAGS=-W`` )。这
将产生大量噪声,但对于查找诸如“警告:有符号和无符号之间的比较”之类的错误
很有用。
-22) 在它被合并到-mm补丁集中之后进行测试,以确保它仍然与所有其他排队的补丁以
+21) 在它被合并到-mm补丁集中之后进行测试,以确保它仍然与所有其他排队的补丁以
及VM、VFS和其他子系统中的各种更改一起工作。
-23) 所有内存屏障例如 ``barrier()``, ``rmb()``, ``wmb()`` 都需要源代码中的注
+22) 所有内存屏障(例如 ``barrier()``, ``rmb()``, ``wmb()`` )都需要源代码注
释来解释它们正在执行的操作及其原因的逻辑。
-24) 如果补丁添加了任何ioctl,那么也要更新 ``Documentation/userspace-api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst``
+23) 如果补丁添加了任何ioctl,那么也要更新
+ ``Documentation/userspace-api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst`` 。
-25) 如果修改后的源代码依赖或使用与以下 ``Kconfig`` 符号相关的任何内核API或
+24) 如果修改后的源代码依赖或使用与以下 ``Kconfig`` 符号相关的任何内核API或
功能,则在禁用相关 ``Kconfig`` 符号和/或 ``=m`` (如果该选项可用)的情况
下测试以下多个构建[并非所有这些都同时存在,只是它们的各种/随机组合]:
- ``CONFIG_SMP``, ``CONFIG_SYSFS``, ``CONFIG_PROC_FS``, ``CONFIG_INPUT``, ``CONFIG_PCI``, ``CONFIG_BLOCK``, ``CONFIG_PM``, ``CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ``,
- ``CONFIG_NET``, ``CONFIG_INET=n`` (但是后者伴随 ``CONFIG_NET=y``).
+ ``CONFIG_SMP``, ``CONFIG_SYSFS``, ``CONFIG_PROC_FS``, ``CONFIG_INPUT``,
+ ``CONFIG_PCI``, ``CONFIG_BLOCK``, ``CONFIG_PM``, ``CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ``,
+ ``CONFIG_NET``, ``CONFIG_INET=n`` (但是最后一个需要 ``CONFIG_NET=y`` )。
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst
index 26b0f36f793d..3076402406c4 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.rst
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ p->se.vruntime。一旦p->se.vruntime变得足够大,其它的任务将成为
CFS使用纳秒粒度的计时,不依赖于任何jiffies或HZ的细节。因此CFS并不像之前的调度器那样
有“时间片”的概念,也没有任何启发式的设计。唯一可调的参数(你需要打开CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG)是:
- /proc/sys/kernel/sched_min_granularity_ns
+ /sys/kernel/debug/sched/min_granularity_ns
它可以用来将调度器从“桌面”模式(也就是低时延)调节为“服务器”(也就是高批处理)模式。
它的默认设置是适合桌面的工作负载。SCHED_BATCH也被CFS调度器模块处理。
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/oops-tracing.txt b/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/oops-tracing.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index be8e59f2abaf..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/oops-tracing.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
-Chinese translated version of Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst
-
-If you have any comment or update to the content, please contact the
-original document maintainer directly. However, if you have a problem
-communicating in English you can also ask the Chinese maintainer for
-help. Contact the Chinese maintainer if this translation is outdated
-or if there is a problem with the translation.
-
-Traditional Chinese maintainer: Hu Haowen <src.res@email.cn>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst 的繁體中文版翻譯
-
-如果想評論或更新本文的內容,請直接聯繫原文檔的維護者。如果你使用英文
-交流有困難的話,也可以向繁體中文版維護者求助。如果本翻譯更新不及時或
-者翻譯存在問題,請聯繫繁體中文版維護者。
-
-繁體中文版維護者: 胡皓文 Hu Haowen <src.res@email.cn>
-繁體中文版翻譯者: 胡皓文 Hu Haowen <src.res@email.cn>
-繁體中文版校譯者: 胡皓文 Hu Haowen <src.res@email.cn>
-
-以下爲正文
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-注意: ksymoops 在2.6中是沒有用的。 請以原有格式使用Oops(來自dmesg,等等)。
-忽略任何這樣那樣關於「解碼Oops」或者「通過ksymoops運行」的文檔。 如果你貼出運行過
-ksymoops的來自2.6的Oops,人們只會讓你重貼一次。
-
-快速總結
--------------
-
-發現Oops並發送給看似相關的內核領域的維護者。別太擔心對不上號。如果你不確定就發給
-和你所做的事情相關的代碼的負責人。 如果可重現試著描述怎樣重構。 那甚至比oops更有
-價值。
-
-如果你對於發送給誰一無所知, 發給linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org。感謝你幫助Linux
-儘可能地穩定。
-
-Oops在哪裡?
-----------------------
-
-通常Oops文本由klogd從內核緩衝區里讀取並傳給syslogd,由syslogd寫到syslog文件中,
-典型地是/var/log/messages(依賴於/etc/syslog.conf)。有時klogd崩潰了,這種情況下你
-能夠運行dmesg > file來從內核緩衝區中讀取數據並保存下來。 否則你可以
-cat /proc/kmsg > file, 然而你必須介入中止傳輸, kmsg是一個「永不結束的文件」。如
-果機器崩潰壞到你不能輸入命令或者磁碟不可用那麼你有三種選擇:-
-
-(1) 手抄屏幕上的文本待機器重啓後再輸入計算機。 麻煩但如果沒有針對崩潰的準備,
-這是僅有的選擇。 另外,你可以用數位相機把屏幕拍下來-不太好,但比沒有強。 如果信
-息滾動到了終端的上面,你會發現以高分辯率啓動(比如,vga=791)會讓你讀到更多的文
-本。(注意:這需要vesafb,所以對『早期』的oops沒有幫助)
-
-(2)用串口終端啓動(請參看Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst),運行一個null
-modem到另一台機器並用你喜歡的通訊工具獲取輸出。Minicom工作地很好。
-
-(3)使用Kdump(請參看Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst),
-使用在Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/gdbmacros.txt中定義的dmesg gdb宏,從舊的內存中提取內核
-環形緩衝區。
-
-完整信息
-----------------
-
-注意:以下來自於Linus的郵件適用於2.4內核。 我因爲歷史原因保留了它,並且因爲其中
-一些信息仍然適用。 特別注意的是,請忽略任何ksymoops的引用。
-
-From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
-怎樣跟蹤Oops.. [原發到linux-kernel的一封郵件]
-
-主要的竅門是有五年和這些煩人的oops消息打交道的經驗;-)
-
-實際上,你有辦法使它更簡單。我有兩個不同的方法:
-
- gdb /usr/src/linux/vmlinux
- gdb> disassemble <offending_function>
-
-那是發現問題的簡單辦法,至少如果bug報告做的好的情況下(象這個一樣-運行ksymoops
-得到oops發生的函數及函數內的偏移)。
-
-哦,如果報告發生的內核以相同的編譯器和相似的配置編譯它會有幫助的。
-
-另一件要做的事是反彙編bug報告的「Code」部分:ksymoops也會用正確的工具來做這件事,
-但如果沒有那些工具你可以寫一個傻程序:
-
- char str[] = "\xXX\xXX\xXX...";
- main(){}
-
-並用gcc -g編譯它然後執行「disassemble str」(XX部分是由Oops報告的值-你可以僅剪切
-粘貼並用「\x」替換空格-我就是這麼做的,因爲我懶得寫程序自動做這一切)。
-
-另外,你可以用scripts/decodecode這個shell腳本。它的使用方法是:
-decodecode < oops.txt
-
-「Code」之後的十六進位字節可能(在某些架構上)有一些當前指令之前的指令字節以及
-當前和之後的指令字節
-
-Code: f9 0f 8d f9 00 00 00 8d 42 0c e8 dd 26 11 c7 a1 60 ea 2b f9 8b 50 08 a1
-64 ea 2b f9 8d 34 82 8b 1e 85 db 74 6d 8b 15 60 ea 2b f9 <8b> 43 04 39 42 54
-7e 04 40 89 42 54 8b 43 04 3b 05 00 f6 52 c0
-
-最後,如果你想知道代碼來自哪裡,你可以:
-
- cd /usr/src/linux
- make fs/buffer.s # 或任何產生BUG的文件
-
-然後你會比gdb反彙編更清楚的知道發生了什麼。
-
-現在,問題是把你所擁有的所有數據結合起來:C源碼(關於它應該怎樣的一般知識),
-彙編代碼及其反彙編得到的代碼(另外還有從「oops」消息得到的寄存器狀態-對了解毀壞的
-指針有用,而且當你有了彙編代碼你也能拿其它的寄存器和任何它們對應的C表達式做匹配
-)。
-
-實際上,你僅需看看哪裡不匹配(這個例子是「Code」反彙編和編譯器生成的代碼不匹配)。
-然後你須要找出爲什麼不匹配。通常很簡單-你看到代碼使用了空指針然後你看代碼想知道
-空指針是怎麼出現的,還有檢查它是否合法..
-
-現在,如果明白這是一項耗時的工作而且需要一丁點兒的專心,沒錯。這就是我爲什麼大多
-只是忽略那些沒有符號表信息的崩潰報告的原因:簡單的說太難查找了(我有一些
-程序用於在內核代碼段中搜索特定的模式,而且有時我也已經能找出那些崩潰的地方,但是
-僅僅是找出正確的序列也確實需要相當紮實的內核知識)
-
-_有時_會發生這種情況,我僅看到崩潰中的反彙編代碼序列, 然後我馬上就明白問題出在
-哪裡。這時我才意識到自己幹這個工作已經太長時間了;-)
-
- Linus
-
-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-關於Oops跟蹤的註解:
-
-爲了幫助Linus和其它內核開發者,klogd納入了大量的支持來處理保護錯誤。爲了擁有對
-地址解析的完整支持至少應該使用1.3-pl3的sysklogd包。
-
-當保護錯誤發生時,klogd守護進程自動把內核日誌信息中的重要地址翻譯成它們相應的符
-號。
-
-klogd執行兩種類型的地址解析。首先是靜態翻譯其次是動態翻譯。靜態翻譯和ksymoops
-一樣使用System.map文件。爲了做靜態翻譯klogd守護進程必須在初始化時能找到system
-map文件。關於klogd怎樣搜索map文件請參看klogd手冊頁。
-
-動態地址翻譯在使用內核可裝載模塊時很重要。 因爲內核模塊的內存是從內核動態內存池
-里分配的,所以不管是模塊開始位置還是模塊中函數和符號的位置都不是固定的。
-
-內核支持允許程序決定裝載哪些模塊和它們在內存中位置的系統調用。使用這些系統調用
-klogd守護進程生成一張符號表用於調試發生在可裝載模塊中的保護錯誤。
-
-至少klogd會提供產生保護錯誤的模塊名。還可有額外的符號信息供可裝載模塊開發者選擇
-以從模塊中輸出符號信息。
-
-因爲內核模塊環境可能是動態的,所以必須有一種機制當模塊環境發生改變時來通知klogd
-守護進程。 有一些可用的命令行選項允許klogd向當前執行中的守護進程發送信號,告知符
-號信息應該被刷新了。 更多信息請參看klogd手冊頁。
-
-sysklogd發布時包含一個補丁修改了modules-2.0.0包,無論何時一個模塊裝載或者卸載都
-會自動向klogd發送信號。打上這個補丁提供了必要的對調試發生於內核可裝載模塊的保護
-錯誤的無縫支持。
-
-以下是被klogd處理過的發生在可裝載模塊中的一個保護錯誤例子:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address f15e97cc
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: current->tss.cr3 = 0062d000, %cr3 = 0062d000
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: *pde = 00000000
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Oops: 0002
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: CPU: 0
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: EIP: 0010:[oops:_oops+16/3868]
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: EFLAGS: 00010212
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: eax: 315e97cc ebx: 003a6f80 ecx: 001be77b edx: 00237c0c
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: esi: 00000000 edi: bffffdb3 ebp: 00589f90 esp: 00589f8c
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: ds: 0018 es: 0018 fs: 002b gs: 002b ss: 0018
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Process oops_test (pid: 3374, process nr: 21, stackpage=00589000)
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Stack: 315e97cc 00589f98 0100b0b4 bffffed4 0012e38e 00240c64 003a6f80 00000001
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: 00000000 00237810 bfffff00 0010a7fa 00000003 00000001 00000000 bfffff00
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: bffffdb3 bffffed4 ffffffda 0000002b 0007002b 0000002b 0000002b 00000036
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Call Trace: [oops:_oops_ioctl+48/80] [_sys_ioctl+254/272] [_system_call+82/128]
-Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Code: c7 00 05 00 00 00 eb 08 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 89 ec 5d c3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Dr. G.W. Wettstein Oncology Research Div. Computing Facility
-Roger Maris Cancer Center INTERNET: greg@wind.rmcc.com
-820 4th St. N.
-Fargo, ND 58122
-Phone: 701-234-7556
-
-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-受汙染的內核
-
-一些oops報告在程序記數器之後包含字符串'Tainted: '。這表明內核已經被一些東西給汙
-染了。 該字符串之後緊跟著一系列的位置敏感的字符,每個代表一個特定的汙染值。
-
- 1:'G'如果所有裝載的模塊都有GPL或相容的許可證,'P'如果裝載了任何的專有模塊。
-沒有模塊MODULE_LICENSE或者帶有insmod認爲是與GPL不相容的的MODULE_LICENSE的模塊被
-認定是專有的。
-
- 2:'F'如果有任何通過「insmod -f」被強制裝載的模塊,' '如果所有模塊都被正常裝載。
-
- 3:'S'如果oops發生在SMP內核中,運行於沒有證明安全運行多處理器的硬體。 當前這種
-情況僅限於幾種不支持SMP的速龍處理器。
-
- 4:'R'如果模塊通過「insmod -f」被強制裝載,' '如果所有模塊都被正常裝載。
-
- 5:'M'如果任何處理器報告了機器檢查異常,' '如果沒有發生機器檢查異常。
-
- 6:'B'如果頁釋放函數發現了一個錯誤的頁引用或者一些非預期的頁標誌。
-
- 7:'U'如果用戶或者用戶應用程式特別請求設置汙染標誌,否則' '。
-
- 8:'D'如果內核剛剛死掉,比如有OOPS或者BUG。
-
-使用'Tainted: '字符串的主要原因是要告訴內核調試者,這是否是一個乾淨的內核亦或發
-生了任何的不正常的事。汙染是永久的:即使出錯的模塊已經被卸載了,汙染值仍然存在,
-以表明內核不再值得信任。
-
diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/mmu.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/mmu.rst
index 8739120f4300..8364afa228ec 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/mmu.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/mmu.rst
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ Emulating cr0.wp
================
If tdp is not enabled, the host must keep cr0.wp=1 so page write protection
-works for the guest kernel, not guest guest userspace. When the guest
+works for the guest kernel, not guest userspace. When the guest
cr0.wp=1, this does not present a problem. However when the guest cr0.wp=0,
we cannot map the permissions for gpte.u=1, gpte.w=0 to any spte (the
semantics require allowing any guest kernel access plus user read access).