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Added test cases for basic functions and performance of functions
kallsyms_lookup_name(), kallsyms_on_each_symbol() and
kallsyms_on_each_match_symbol(). It also calculates the compression rate
of the kallsyms compression algorithm for the current symbol set.
The basic functions test begins by testing a set of symbols whose address
values are known. Then, traverse all symbol addresses and find the
corresponding symbol name based on the address. It's impossible to
determine whether these addresses are correct, but we can use the above
three functions along with the addresses to test each other. Due to the
traversal operation of kallsyms_on_each_symbol() is too slow, only 60
symbols can be tested in one second, so let it test on average once
every 128 symbols. The other two functions validate all symbols.
If the basic functions test is passed, print only performance test
results. If the test fails, print error information, but do not perform
subsequent performance tests.
Start self-test automatically after system startup if
CONFIG_KALLSYMS_SELFTEST=y.
Example of output content: (prefix 'kallsyms_selftest:' is omitted
start
---------------------------------------------------------
| nr_symbols | compressed size | original size | ratio(%) |
|---------------------------------------------------------|
| 107543 | 1357912 | 2407433 | 56.40 |
---------------------------------------------------------
kallsyms_lookup_name() looked up 107543 symbols
The time spent on each symbol is (ns): min=630, max=35295, avg=7353
kallsyms_on_each_symbol() traverse all: 11782628 ns
kallsyms_on_each_match_symbol() traverse all: 9261 ns
finish
Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
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Function kallsyms_on_each_symbol() traverses all symbols and submits each
symbol to the hook 'fn' for judgment and processing. For some cases, the
hook actually only handles the matched symbol, such as livepatch.
Because all symbols are currently sorted by name, all the symbols with the
same name are clustered together. Function kallsyms_lookup_names() gets
the start and end positions of the set corresponding to the specified
name. So we can easily and quickly traverse all the matches.
The test results are as follows (twice): (x86)
kallsyms_on_each_match_symbol: 7454, 7984
kallsyms_on_each_symbol : 11733809, 11785803
kallsyms_on_each_match_symbol() consumes only 0.066% of
kallsyms_on_each_symbol()'s time. In other words, 1523x better
performance.
Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
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kallsyms_seqs_of_names[] records the symbol index sorted by address, the
maximum value in kallsyms_seqs_of_names[] is the number of symbols. And
2^24 = 16777216, which means that three bytes are enough to store the
index. This can help us save (1 * kallsyms_num_syms) bytes of memory.
Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
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Currently, to search for a symbol, we need to expand the symbols in
'kallsyms_names' one by one, and then use the expanded string for
comparison. It's O(n).
If we sort names in ascending order like addresses, we can also use
binary search. It's O(log(n)).
In order not to change the implementation of "/proc/kallsyms", the table
kallsyms_names[] is still stored in a one-to-one correspondence with the
address in ascending order.
Add array kallsyms_seqs_of_names[], it's indexed by the sequence number
of the sorted names, and the corresponding content is the sequence number
of the sorted addresses. For example:
Assume that the index of NameX in array kallsyms_seqs_of_names[] is 'i',
the content of kallsyms_seqs_of_names[i] is 'k', then the corresponding
address of NameX is kallsyms_addresses[k]. The offset in kallsyms_names[]
is get_symbol_offset(k).
Note that the memory usage will increase by (4 * kallsyms_num_syms)
bytes, the next two patches will reduce (1 * kallsyms_num_syms) bytes
and properly handle the case CONFIG_LTO_CLANG=y.
Performance test results: (x86)
Before:
min=234, max=10364402, avg=5206926
min=267, max=11168517, avg=5207587
After:
min=1016, max=90894, avg=7272
min=1014, max=93470, avg=7293
The average lookup performance of kallsyms_lookup_name() improved 715x.
Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull kcfi updates from Kees Cook:
"This replaces the prior support for Clang's standard Control Flow
Integrity (CFI) instrumentation, which has required a lot of special
conditions (e.g. LTO) and work-arounds.
The new implementation ("Kernel CFI") is specific to C, directly
designed for the Linux kernel, and takes advantage of architectural
features like x86's IBT. This series retains arm64 support and adds
x86 support.
GCC support is expected in the future[1], and additional "generic"
architectural support is expected soon[2].
Summary:
- treewide: Remove old CFI support details
- arm64: Replace Clang CFI support with Clang KCFI support
- x86: Introduce Clang KCFI support"
Link: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=107048 [1]
Link: https://github.com/samitolvanen/llvm-project/commits/kcfi_generic [2]
* tag 'kcfi-v6.1-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux: (22 commits)
x86: Add support for CONFIG_CFI_CLANG
x86/purgatory: Disable CFI
x86: Add types to indirectly called assembly functions
x86/tools/relocs: Ignore __kcfi_typeid_ relocations
kallsyms: Drop CONFIG_CFI_CLANG workarounds
objtool: Disable CFI warnings
objtool: Preserve special st_shndx indexes in elf_update_symbol
treewide: Drop __cficanonical
treewide: Drop WARN_ON_FUNCTION_MISMATCH
treewide: Drop function_nocfi
init: Drop __nocfi from __init
arm64: Drop unneeded __nocfi attributes
arm64: Add CFI error handling
arm64: Add types to indirect called assembly functions
psci: Fix the function type for psci_initcall_t
lkdtm: Emit an indirect call for CFI tests
cfi: Add type helper macros
cfi: Switch to -fsanitize=kcfi
cfi: Drop __CFI_ADDRESSABLE
cfi: Remove CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW
...
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Rust symbols can become quite long due to namespacing introduced
by modules, types, traits, generics, etc.
Increasing to 255 is not enough in some cases, therefore
introduce longer lengths to the symbol table.
In order to avoid increasing all lengths to 2 bytes (since most
of them are small, including many Rust ones), use ULEB128 to
keep smaller symbols in 1 byte, with the rest in 2 bytes.
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Co-developed-by: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com>
Co-developed-by: Wedson Almeida Filho <wedsonaf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Wedson Almeida Filho <wedsonaf@google.com>
Co-developed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Co-developed-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Co-developed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
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With -fsanitize=kcfi, the compiler no longer renames static
functions with CONFIG_CFI_CLANG + ThinLTO. Drop the code that cleans
up the ThinLTO hash from the function names.
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220908215504.3686827-19-samitolvanen@google.com
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull misc updates from Andrew Morton:
"Updates to various subsystems which I help look after. lib, ocfs2,
fatfs, autofs, squashfs, procfs, etc. A relatively small amount of
material this time"
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2022-08-06-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (72 commits)
scripts/gdb: ensure the absolute path is generated on initial source
MAINTAINERS: kunit: add David Gow as a maintainer of KUnit
mailmap: add linux.dev alias for Brendan Higgins
mailmap: update Kirill's email
profile: setup_profiling_timer() is moslty not implemented
ocfs2: fix a typo in a comment
ocfs2: use the bitmap API to simplify code
ocfs2: remove some useless functions
lib/mpi: fix typo 'the the' in comment
proc: add some (hopefully) insightful comments
bdi: remove enum wb_congested_state
kernel/hung_task: fix address space of proc_dohung_task_timeout_secs
lib/lzo/lzo1x_compress.c: replace ternary operator with min() and min_t()
squashfs: support reading fragments in readahead call
squashfs: implement readahead
squashfs: always build "file direct" version of page actor
Revert "squashfs: provide backing_dev_info in order to disable read-ahead"
fs/ocfs2: Fix spelling typo in comment
ia64: old_rr4 added under CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
proc: fix test for "vsyscall=xonly" boot option
...
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Patch series "Expose kallsyms data in vmcoreinfo note".
The kernel can be configured to contain a lot of introspection or
debugging information built-in, such as ORC for unwinding stack traces,
BTF for type information, and of course kallsyms. Debuggers could use
this information to navigate a core dump or live system, but they need to
be able to find it.
This patch series adds the necessary symbols into vmcoreinfo, which would
allow a debugger to find and interpret the kallsyms table. Using the
kallsyms data, the debugger can then lookup any symbol, allowing it to
find ORC, BTF, or any other useful data.
This would allow a live kernel, or core dump, to be debugged without any
DWARF debuginfo. This is useful for many cases: the debuginfo may not
have been generated, or you may not want to deploy the large files
everywhere you need them.
I've demonstrated a proof of concept for this at LSF/MM+BPF during a
lighting talk. Using a work-in-progress branch of the drgn debugger, and
an extended set of BTF generated by a patched version of dwarves, I've
been able to open a core dump without any DWARF info and do basic tasks
such as enumerating slab caches, block devices, tasks, and doing
backtraces. I hope this series can be a first step toward a new
possibility of "DWARFless debugging".
Related discussion around the BTF side of this:
https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/586a6288-704a-f7a7-b256-e18a675927df@oracle.com/T/#u
Some work-in-progress branches using this feature:
https://github.com/brenns10/dwarves/tree/remove_percpu_restriction_1
https://github.com/brenns10/drgn/tree/kallsyms_plus_btf
This patch (of 2):
To include kallsyms data in the vmcoreinfo note, we must make the symbol
declarations visible outside of kallsyms.c. Move these to a new internal
header file.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220517000508.777145-1-stephen.s.brennan@oracle.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220517000508.777145-2-stephen.s.brennan@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Stephen Brennan <stephen.s.brennan@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Cc: Bixuan Cui <cuibixuan@huawei.com>
Cc: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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add a "ksym" iterator which provides access to a "struct kallsym_iter"
for each symbol. Intent is to support more flexible symbol parsing
as discussed in [1].
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/YjRPZj6Z8vuLeEZo@krava/
Suggested-by: Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1657629105-7812-2-git-send-email-alan.maguire@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Adding ftrace_lookup_symbols function that resolves array of symbols
with single pass over kallsyms.
The user provides array of string pointers with count and pointer to
allocated array for resolved values.
int ftrace_lookup_symbols(const char **sorted_syms, size_t cnt,
unsigned long *addrs)
It iterates all kallsyms symbols and tries to loop up each in provided
symbols array with bsearch. The symbols array needs to be sorted by
name for this reason.
We also check each symbol to pass ftrace_location, because this API
will be used for fprobe symbols resolving.
Suggested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220510122616.2652285-3-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Making kallsyms_on_each_symbol generally available, so it can be
used outside CONFIG_LIVEPATCH option in following changes.
Rather than adding another ifdef option let's make the function
generally available (when CONFIG_KALLSYMS option is defined).
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220510122616.2652285-2-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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When kallsyms_lookup_name is called with empty string,
it will do futile search for it through all the symbols.
Skipping the search for empty string.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220316122419.933957-3-jolsa@kernel.org
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/livepatching/livepatching
Pull livepatching updates from Petr Mladek:
- Correctly handle kobjects when a livepatch init fails
- Avoid CPU hogging when searching for many livepatched symbols
- Add livepatch API page into documentation
* tag 'livepatching-for-5.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/livepatching/livepatching:
livepatch: Avoid CPU hogging with cond_resched
livepatch: Fix missing unlock on error in klp_enable_patch()
livepatch: Fix kobject refcount bug on klp_init_patch_early failure path
Documentation: livepatch: Add livepatch API page
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When initializing a 'struct klp_object' in klp_init_object_loaded(), and
performing relocations in klp_resolve_symbols(), klp_find_object_symbol()
is invoked to look up the address of a symbol in an already-loaded module
(or vmlinux). This, in turn, calls kallsyms_on_each_symbol() or
module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol() to find the address of the symbol that is
being patched.
It turns out that symbol lookups often take up the most CPU time when
enabling and disabling a patch, and may hog the CPU and cause other tasks
on that CPU's runqueue to starve -- even in paths where interrupts are
enabled. For example, under certain workloads, enabling a KLP patch with
many objects or functions may cause ksoftirqd to be starved, and thus for
interrupts to be backlogged and delayed. This may end up causing TCP
retransmits on the host where the KLP patch is being applied, and in
general, may cause any interrupts serviced by softirqd to be delayed while
the patch is being applied.
So as to ensure that kallsyms_on_each_symbol() does not end up hogging the
CPU, this patch adds a call to cond_resched() in kallsyms_on_each_symbol()
and module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol(), which are invoked when doing a symbol
lookup in vmlinux and a module respectively. Without this patch, if a
live-patch is applied on a 36-core Intel host with heavy TCP traffic, a
~10x spike is observed in TCP retransmits while the patch is being applied.
Additionally, collecting sched events with perf indicates that ksoftirqd is
awakened ~1.3 seconds before it's eventually scheduled. With the patch, no
increase in TCP retransmit events is observed, and ksoftirqd is scheduled
shortly after it's awakened.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211229215646.830451-1-void@manifault.com
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Similar to:
commit 8b8e6b5d3b01 ("kallsyms: strip ThinLTO hashes from static
functions")
It's very common for compilers to modify the symbol name for static
functions as part of optimizing transformations. That makes hooking
static functions (that weren't inlined or DCE'd) with kprobes difficult.
LLVM has yet another name mangling scheme used by thin LTO.
Combine handling of the various schemes by truncating after the first
'.'. Strip off these suffixes so that we can continue to hook such
static functions. Clang releases prior to clang-13 would use '$'
instead of '.'
Link: https://reviews.llvm.org/rGc6e5c4654bd5045fe22a1a52779e48e2038a404c
Reported-by: KE.LI(Lieke) <like1@oppo.com>
Suggested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Padmanabha Srinivasaiah <treasure4paddy@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211004162936.21961-1-ndesaulniers@google.com
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Let's make kernel stacktraces easier to identify by including the build
ID[1] of a module if the stacktrace is printing a symbol from a module.
This makes it simpler for developers to locate a kernel module's full
debuginfo for a particular stacktrace. Combined with
scripts/decode_stracktrace.sh, a developer can download the matching
debuginfo from a debuginfod[2] server and find the exact file and line
number for the functions plus offsets in a stacktrace that match the
module. This is especially useful for pstore crash debugging where the
kernel crashes are recorded in something like console-ramoops and the
recovery kernel/modules are different or the debuginfo doesn't exist on
the device due to space concerns (the debuginfo can be too large for space
limited devices).
Originally, I put this on the %pS format, but that was quickly rejected
given that %pS is used in other places such as ftrace where build IDs
aren't meaningful. There was some discussions on the list to put every
module build ID into the "Modules linked in:" section of the stacktrace
message but that quickly becomes very hard to read once you have more than
three or four modules linked in. It also provides too much information
when we don't expect each module to be traversed in a stacktrace. Having
the build ID for modules that aren't important just makes things messy.
Splitting it to multiple lines for each module quickly explodes the number
of lines printed in an oops too, possibly wrapping the warning off the
console. And finally, trying to stash away each module used in a
callstack to provide the ID of each symbol printed is cumbersome and would
require changes to each architecture to stash away modules and return
their build IDs once unwinding has completed.
Instead, we opt for the simpler approach of introducing new printk formats
'%pS[R]b' for "pointer symbolic backtrace with module build ID" and '%pBb'
for "pointer backtrace with module build ID" and then updating the few
places in the architecture layer where the stacktrace is printed to use
this new format.
Before:
Call trace:
lkdtm_WARNING+0x28/0x30 [lkdtm]
direct_entry+0x16c/0x1b4 [lkdtm]
full_proxy_write+0x74/0xa4
vfs_write+0xec/0x2e8
After:
Call trace:
lkdtm_WARNING+0x28/0x30 [lkdtm 6c2215028606bda50de823490723dc4bc5bf46f9]
direct_entry+0x16c/0x1b4 [lkdtm 6c2215028606bda50de823490723dc4bc5bf46f9]
full_proxy_write+0x74/0xa4
vfs_write+0xec/0x2e8
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build with CONFIG_MODULES=n, tweak code layout]
[rdunlap@infradead.org: fix build when CONFIG_MODULES is not set]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210513171510.20328-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make kallsyms_lookup_buildid() static]
[cuibixuan@huawei.com: fix build error when CONFIG_SYSFS is disabled]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210525105049.34804-1-cuibixuan@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210511003845.2429846-6-swboyd@chromium.org
Link: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureBuildId [1]
Link: https://sourceware.org/elfutils/Debuginfod.html [2]
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Bixuan Cui <cuibixuan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Evan Green <evgreen@chromium.org>
Cc: Hsin-Yi Wang <hsinyi@chromium.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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With CONFIG_CFI_CLANG and ThinLTO, Clang appends a hash to the names
of all static functions not marked __used. This can break userspace
tools that don't expect the function name to change, so strip out the
hash from the output.
Suggested-by: Jack Pham <jackp@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210408182843.1754385-8-samitolvanen@google.com
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kallsyms_on_each_symbol and module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol are only used
by the livepatching code, so don't build them if livepatching is not
enabled.
Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
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Require an explicit call to module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol to look
for symbols in modules instead of the call from kallsyms_on_each_symbol,
and acquire module_mutex inside of module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol instead
of leaving that up to the caller. Note that this slightly changes the
behavior for the livepatch code in that the symbols from vmlinux are not
iterated anymore if objname is set, but that actually is the desired
behavior in this case.
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
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Use a more generic form for __section that requires quotes to avoid
complications with clang and gcc differences.
Remove the quote operator # from compiler_attributes.h __section macro.
Convert all unquoted __section(foo) uses to quoted __section("foo").
Also convert __attribute__((section("foo"))) uses to __section("foo")
even if the __attribute__ has multiple list entry forms.
Conversion done using the script at:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/75393e5ddc272dc7403de74d645e6c6e0f4e70eb.camel@perches.com/2-convert_section.pl
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@gooogle.com>
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Replace the existing /* fall through */ comments and its variants with
the new pseudo-keyword macro fallthrough[1]. Also, remove unnecessary
fall-through markings when it is the case.
[1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.7/process/deprecated.html?highlight=fallthrough#implicit-switch-case-fall-through
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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In order to perform future tests against the cred saved during open(),
switch kallsyms_show_value() to operate on a cred, and have all current
callers pass current_cred(). This makes it very obvious where callers
are checking the wrong credential in their "read" contexts. These will
be fixed in the coming patches.
Additionally switch return value to bool, since it is always used as a
direct permission check, not a 0-on-success, negative-on-error style
function return.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
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Symbols are needed for tools to describe instruction addresses. Pages
allocated for ftrace's purposes need symbols to be created for them.
Add such symbols to be visible via /proc/kallsyms.
Example on x86 with CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE=y
# echo function > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer
# cat /proc/kallsyms | grep '\[__builtin__ftrace\]'
ffffffffc0238000 t ftrace_trampoline [__builtin__ftrace]
Note: This patch adds "__builtin__ftrace" as a module name in /proc/kallsyms for
symbols for pages allocated for ftrace's purposes, even though "__builtin__ftrace"
is not a module.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200512121922.8997-7-adrian.hunter@intel.com
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Symbols are needed for tools to describe instruction addresses. Pages
allocated for kprobe's purposes need symbols to be created for them.
Add such symbols to be visible via /proc/kallsyms.
Note: kprobe insn pages are not used if ftrace is configured. To see the
effect of this patch, the kernel must be configured with:
# CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER is not set
CONFIG_KPROBES=y
and for optimised kprobes:
CONFIG_OPTPROBES=y
Example on x86:
# perf probe __schedule
Added new event:
probe:__schedule (on __schedule)
# cat /proc/kallsyms | grep '\[__builtin__kprobes\]'
ffffffffc00d4000 t kprobe_insn_page [__builtin__kprobes]
ffffffffc00d6000 t kprobe_optinsn_page [__builtin__kprobes]
Note: This patch adds "__builtin__kprobes" as a module name in
/proc/kallsyms for symbols for pages allocated for kprobes' purposes, even
though "__builtin__kprobes" is not a module.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200528080058.20230-1-adrian.hunter@intel.com
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kallsyms_lookup_name() and kallsyms_on_each_symbol() are exported to
modules despite having no in-tree users and being wide open to abuse by
out-of-tree modules that can use them as a method to invoke arbitrary
non-exported kernel functions.
Unexport kallsyms_lookup_name() and kallsyms_on_each_symbol().
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200221114404.14641-4-will@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild
Pull more Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:
- fix randconfig to generate a sane .config
- rename hostprogs-y / always to hostprogs / always-y, which are more
natual syntax.
- optimize scripts/kallsyms
- fix yes2modconfig and mod2yesconfig
- make multiple directory targets ('make foo/ bar/') work
* tag 'kbuild-v5.6-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
kbuild: make multiple directory targets work
kconfig: Invalidate all symbols after changing to y or m.
kallsyms: fix type of kallsyms_token_table[]
scripts/kallsyms: change table to store (strcut sym_entry *)
scripts/kallsyms: rename local variables in read_symbol()
kbuild: rename hostprogs-y/always to hostprogs/always-y
kbuild: fix the document to use extra-y for vmlinux.lds
kconfig: fix broken dependency in randconfig-generated .config
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kallsyms_token_table[] only contains ASCII characters. It should be
char instead of u8.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
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The most notable change is DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE macro split in
seq_file.h.
Conversion rule is:
llseek => proc_lseek
unlocked_ioctl => proc_ioctl
xxx => proc_xxx
delete ".owner = THIS_MODULE" line
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix drivers/isdn/capi/kcapi_proc.c]
[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: fix kernel/sched/psi.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200122180545.36222f50@canb.auug.org.au
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191225172546.GB13378@avx2
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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first symbol
An arm64 kernel configured with
CONFIG_KPROBES=y
CONFIG_KALLSYMS=y
# CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL is not set
CONFIG_KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE=y
reports the following kprobe failure:
[ 0.032677] kprobes: failed to populate blacklist: -22
[ 0.033376] Please take care of using kprobes.
It appears that kprobe fails to retrieve the symbol at address
0xffff000010081000, despite this symbol being in System.map:
ffff000010081000 T __exception_text_start
This symbol is part of the first group of aliases in the
kallsyms_offsets array (symbol names generated using ugly hacks in
scripts/kallsyms.c):
kallsyms_offsets:
.long 0x1000 // do_undefinstr
.long 0x1000 // efi_header_end
.long 0x1000 // _stext
.long 0x1000 // __exception_text_start
.long 0x12b0 // do_cp15instr
Looking at the implementation of get_symbol_pos(), it returns the
lowest index for aliasing symbols. In this case, it return 0.
But kallsyms_lookup_size_offset() considers 0 as a failure, which
is obviously wrong (there is definitely a valid symbol living there).
In turn, the kprobe blacklisting stops abruptly, hence the original
error.
A CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL kernel wouldn't fail as there is always
some random symbols at the beginning of this array, which are never
looked up via kallsyms_lookup_size_offset.
Fix it by considering that get_symbol_pos() is always successful
(which is consistent with the other uses of this function).
Fixes: ffc5089196446 ("[PATCH] Create kallsyms_lookup_size_offset()")
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
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Add SPDX license identifiers to all files which:
- Have no license information of any form
- Have EXPORT_.*_SYMBOL_GPL inside which was used in the
initial scan/conversion to ignore the file
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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With this patch, /proc/kallsyms will show BPF programs as
<addr> t bpf_prog_<tag>_<name> [bpf]
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190117161521.1341602-10-songliubraving@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Both kallsyms_num_syms and kallsyms_markers[] don't really need to use
unsigned long as their (base) types; unsigned int fully suffices.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
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Currently, the addresses of PTI entry trampolines are not exported to
user space. Kernel profiling tools need these addresses to identify the
kernel code, so add a symbol and address for each CPU's PTI entry
trampoline.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1528289651-4113-3-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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The logic in update_iter_mod() is overcomplicated and gets worse every
time another get_ksymbol_* function is added.
In preparation for adding another get_ksymbol_* function, simplify logic
in update_iter_mod().
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Tested-by: (ftrace changes only) Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1528289651-4113-2-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk
Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- Add a console_msg_format command line option:
The value "default" keeps the old "[time stamp] text\n" format. The
value "syslog" allows to see the syslog-like "<log
level>[timestamp] text" format.
This feature was requested by people doing regression tests, for
example, 0day robot. They want to have both filtered and full logs
at hands.
- Reduce the risk of softlockup:
Pass the console owner in a busy loop.
This is a new approach to the old problem. It was first proposed by
Steven Rostedt on Kernel Summit 2017. It marks a context in which
the console_lock owner calls console drivers and could not sleep.
On the other side, printk() callers could detect this state and use
a busy wait instead of a simple console_trylock(). Finally, the
console_lock owner checks if there is a busy waiter at the end of
the special context and eventually passes the console_lock to the
waiter.
The hand-off works surprisingly well and helps in many situations.
Well, there is still a possibility of the softlockup, for example,
when the flood of messages stops and the last owner still has too
much to flush.
There is increasing number of people having problems with
printk-related softlockups. We might eventually need to get better
solution. Anyway, this looks like a good start and promising
direction.
- Do not allow to schedule in console_unlock() called from printk():
This reverts an older controversial commit. The reschedule helped
to avoid softlockups. But it also slowed down the console output.
This patch is obsoleted by the new console waiter logic described
above. In fact, the reschedule made the hand-off less effective.
- Deprecate "%pf" and "%pF" format specifier:
It was needed on ia64, ppc64 and parisc64 to dereference function
descriptors and show the real function address. It is done
transparently by "%ps" and "pS" format specifier now.
Sergey Senozhatsky found that all the function descriptors were in
a special elf section and could be easily detected.
- Remove printk_symbol() API:
It has been obsoleted by "%pS" format specifier, and this change
helped to remove few continuous lines and a less intuitive old API.
- Remove redundant memsets:
Sergey removed unnecessary memset when processing printk.devkmsg
command line option.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk: (27 commits)
printk: drop redundant devkmsg_log_str memsets
printk: Never set console_may_schedule in console_trylock()
printk: Hide console waiter logic into helpers
printk: Add console owner and waiter logic to load balance console writes
kallsyms: remove print_symbol() function
checkpatch: add pF/pf deprecation warning
symbol lookup: introduce dereference_symbol_descriptor()
parisc64: Add .opd based function descriptor dereference
powerpc64: Add .opd based function descriptor dereference
ia64: Add .opd based function descriptor dereference
sections: split dereference_function_descriptor()
openrisc: Fix conflicting types for _exext and _stext
lib: do not use print_symbol()
irq debug: do not use print_symbol()
sysfs: do not use print_symbol()
drivers: do not use print_symbol()
x86: do not use print_symbol()
unicore32: do not use print_symbol()
sh: do not use print_symbol()
mn10300: do not use print_symbol()
...
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No more print_symbol()/__print_symbol() users left, remove these
symbols.
It was a very old API that encouraged people use continuous lines.
It had been obsoleted by %pS format specifier in a normal printk()
call.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180105102538.GC471@jagdpanzerIV
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: linux-c6x-dev@linux-c6x.org
Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-am33-list@redhat.com
Cc: linux-sh@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: linux-snps-arc@lists.infradead.org
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
[pmladek@suse.com: updated commit message]
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
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dereference_symbol_descriptor() invokes appropriate ARCH specific
function descriptor dereference callbacks:
- dereference_kernel_function_descriptor() if the pointer is a
kernel symbol;
- dereference_module_function_descriptor() if the pointer is a
module symbol.
This is the last step needed to make '%pS/%ps' smart enough to
handle function descriptor dereference on affected ARCHs and
to retire '%pF/%pf'.
To refresh it:
Some architectures (ia64, ppc64, parisc64) use an indirect pointer
for C function pointers - the function pointer points to a function
descriptor and we need to dereference it to get the actual function
pointer.
Function descriptors live in .opd elf section and all affected
ARCHs (ia64, ppc64, parisc64) handle it properly for kernel and
modules. So we, technically, can decide if the dereference is
needed by simply looking at the pointer: if it belongs to .opd
section then we need to dereference it.
The kernel and modules have their own .opd sections, obviously,
that's why we need to split dereference_function_descriptor()
and use separate kernel and module dereference arch callbacks.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171206043649.GB15885@jagdpanzerIV
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: James Bottomley <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> #ia64
Tested-by: Santosh Sivaraj <santosh@fossix.org> #powerpc
Tested-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> #parisc64
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
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The conditional kallsym hex printing used a special fixed-width '%lx'
output (KALLSYM_FMT) in preparation for the hashing of %p, but that
series ended up adding a %px specifier to help with the conversions.
Use it, and avoid the "print pointer as an unsigned long" code.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from
- allow module init functions to be traced
- clean up some unused or not used by config events (saves space)
- clean up of trace histogram code
- add support for preempt and interrupt enabled/disable events
- other various clean ups
* tag 'trace-v4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (30 commits)
tracing, thermal: Hide cpu cooling trace events when not in use
tracing, thermal: Hide devfreq trace events when not in use
ftrace: Kill FTRACE_OPS_FL_PER_CPU
perf/ftrace: Small cleanup
perf/ftrace: Fix function trace events
perf/ftrace: Revert ("perf/ftrace: Fix double traces of perf on ftrace:function")
tracing, dma-buf: Remove unused trace event dma_fence_annotate_wait_on
tracing, memcg, vmscan: Hide trace events when not in use
tracing/xen: Hide events that are not used when X86_PAE is not defined
tracing: mark trace_test_buffer as __maybe_unused
printk: Remove superfluous memory barriers from printk_safe
ftrace: Clear hashes of stale ips of init memory
tracing: Add support for preempt and irq enable/disable events
tracing: Prepare to add preempt and irq trace events
ftrace/kallsyms: Have /proc/kallsyms show saved mod init functions
ftrace: Add freeing algorithm to free ftrace_mod_maps
ftrace: Save module init functions kallsyms symbols for tracing
ftrace: Allow module init functions to be traced
ftrace: Add a ftrace_free_mem() function for modules to use
tracing: Reimplement log2
...
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The (alleged) users of the module addresses are the same: kernel
profiling.
So just expose the same helper and format macros, and unify the logic.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Not only is it annoying to have one single flag for all pointers, as if
that was a global choice and all kernel pointers are the same, but %pK
can't get the 'access' vs 'open' time check right anyway.
So make the /proc/kallsyms pointer value code use logic specific to that
particular file. We do continue to honor kptr_restrict, but the default
(which is unrestricted) is changed to instead take expected users into
account, and restrict access by default.
Right now the only actual expected user is kernel profiling, which has a
separate sysctl flag for kernel profile access. There may be others.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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If a module is loaded while tracing is enabled, then there's a possibility
that the module init functions were traced. These functions have their name
and address stored by ftrace such that it can translate the function address
that is written into the buffer into a human readable function name.
As userspace tools may be doing the same, they need a way to map function
names to their address as well. This is done through reading /proc/kallsyms.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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If function tracing is active when the module init functions are freed, then
store them to be referenced by kallsyms. As module init functions can now be
traced on module load, they were useless:
># echo ':mod:snd_seq' > set_ftrace_filter
># echo function > current_tracer
># modprobe snd_seq
># cat trace
# tracer: function
#
# _-----=> irqs-off
# / _----=> need-resched
# | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
# || / _--=> preempt-depth
# ||| / delay
# TASK-PID CPU# |||| TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
# | | | |||| | |
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.037874: 0xffffffffa0860000 <-do_one_initcall
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.037876: 0xffffffffa086004d <-0xffffffffa086000f
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.037876: 0xffffffffa086010d <-0xffffffffa0860018
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.037877: 0xffffffffa086011a <-0xffffffffa0860021
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.037877: 0xffffffffa0860080 <-0xffffffffa086002a
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.039523: 0xffffffffa0860400 <-0xffffffffa0860033
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.039523: 0xffffffffa086038a <-0xffffffffa086041c
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.039591: 0xffffffffa086038a <-0xffffffffa0860436
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.039657: 0xffffffffa086038a <-0xffffffffa0860450
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.039719: 0xffffffffa0860127 <-0xffffffffa086003c
modprobe-2786 [000] .... 3189.039742: snd_seq_create_kernel_client <-0xffffffffa08601f6
When the output is shown, the kallsyms for the module init functions have
already been freed, and the output of the trace can not convert them to
their function names.
Now this looks like this:
# tracer: function
#
# _-----=> irqs-off
# / _----=> need-resched
# | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
# || / _--=> preempt-depth
# ||| / delay
# TASK-PID CPU# |||| TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
# | | | |||| | |
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.243237: alsa_seq_init <-do_one_initcall
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.243239: client_init_data <-alsa_seq_init
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.243240: snd_sequencer_memory_init <-alsa_seq_init
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.243240: snd_seq_queues_init <-alsa_seq_init
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.243240: snd_sequencer_device_init <-alsa_seq_init
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.244860: snd_seq_info_init <-alsa_seq_init
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.244861: create_info_entry <-snd_seq_info_init
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.244936: create_info_entry <-snd_seq_info_init
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.245003: create_info_entry <-snd_seq_info_init
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.245072: snd_seq_system_client_init <-alsa_seq_init
modprobe-2463 [002] .... 174.245094: snd_seq_create_kernel_client <-snd_seq_system_client_init
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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'all_var' looks like a variable, but is actually a macro. Use
IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL) for clarification.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1497577591-3434-1-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Long standing issue with JITed programs is that stack traces from
function tracing check whether a given address is kernel code
through {__,}kernel_text_address(), which checks for code in core
kernel, modules and dynamically allocated ftrace trampolines. But
what is still missing is BPF JITed programs (interpreted programs
are not an issue as __bpf_prog_run() will be attributed to them),
thus when a stack trace is triggered, the code walking the stack
won't see any of the JITed ones. The same for address correlation
done from user space via reading /proc/kallsyms. This is read by
tools like perf, but the latter is also useful for permanent live
tracing with eBPF itself in combination with stack maps when other
eBPF types are part of the callchain. See offwaketime example on
dumping stack from a map.
This work tries to tackle that issue by making the addresses and
symbols known to the kernel. The lookup from *kernel_text_address()
is implemented through a latched RB tree that can be read under
RCU in fast-path that is also shared for symbol/size/offset lookup
for a specific given address in kallsyms. The slow-path iteration
through all symbols in the seq file done via RCU list, which holds
a tiny fraction of all exported ksyms, usually below 0.1 percent.
Function symbols are exported as bpf_prog_<tag>, in order to aide
debugging and attribution. This facility is currently enabled for
root-only when bpf_jit_kallsyms is set to 1, and disabled if hardening
is active in any mode. The rationale behind this is that still a lot
of systems ship with world read permissions on kallsyms thus addresses
should not get suddenly exposed for them. If that situation gets
much better in future, we always have the option to change the
default on this. Likewise, unprivileged programs are not allowed
to add entries there either, but that is less of a concern as most
such programs types relevant in this context are for root-only anyway.
If enabled, call graphs and stack traces will then show a correct
attribution; one example is illustrated below, where the trace is
now visible in tooling such as perf script --kallsyms=/proc/kallsyms
and friends.
Before:
7fff8166889d bpf_clone_redirect+0x80007f0020ed (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
f5d80 __sendmsg_nocancel+0xffff006451f1a007 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.18.so)
After:
7fff816688b7 bpf_clone_redirect+0x80007f002107 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fffa0575728 bpf_prog_33c45a467c9e061a+0x8000600020fb (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fffa07ef1fc cls_bpf_classify+0x8000600020dc (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff81678b68 tc_classify+0x80007f002078 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8164d40b __netif_receive_skb_core+0x80007f0025fb (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8164d718 __netif_receive_skb+0x80007f002018 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8164e565 process_backlog+0x80007f002095 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8164dc71 net_rx_action+0x80007f002231 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff81767461 __softirqentry_text_start+0x80007f0020d1 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff817658ac do_softirq_own_stack+0x80007f00201c (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff810a2c20 do_softirq+0x80007f002050 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff810a2cb5 __local_bh_enable_ip+0x80007f002085 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8168d452 ip_finish_output2+0x80007f002152 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8168ea3d ip_finish_output+0x80007f00217d (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff8168f2af ip_output+0x80007f00203f (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
[...]
7fff81005854 do_syscall_64+0x80007f002054 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
7fff817649eb return_from_SYSCALL_64+0x80007f002000 (/lib/modules/4.9.0-rc8+/build/vmlinux)
f5d80 __sendmsg_nocancel+0xffff01c484812007 (/usr/lib64/libc-2.18.so)
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Similar to how relative extables are implemented, it is possible to emit
the kallsyms table in such a way that it contains offsets relative to
some anchor point in the kernel image rather than absolute addresses.
On 64-bit architectures, it cuts the size of the kallsyms address table
in half, since offsets between kernel symbols can typically be expressed
in 32 bits. This saves several hundreds of kilobytes of permanent
.rodata on average. In addition, the kallsyms address table is no
longer subject to dynamic relocation when CONFIG_RELOCATABLE is in
effect, so the relocation work done after decompression now doesn't have
to do relocation updates for all these values. This saves up to 24
bytes (i.e., the size of a ELF64 RELA relocation table entry) per value,
which easily adds up to a couple of megabytes of uncompressed __init
data on ppc64 or arm64. Even if these relocation entries typically
compress well, the combined size reduction of 2.8 MB uncompressed for a
ppc64_defconfig build (of which 2.4 MB is __init data) results in a ~500
KB space saving in the compressed image.
Since it is useful for some architectures (like x86) to retain the
ability to emit absolute values as well, this patch also adds support
for capturing both absolute and relative values when
KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU is in effect, by emitting absolute per-cpu
addresses as positive 32-bit values, and addresses relative to the
lowest encountered relative symbol as negative values, which are
subtracted from the runtime address of this base symbol to produce the
actual address.
Support for the above is enabled by default for all architectures except
IA-64 and Tile-GX, whose symbols are too far apart to capture in this
manner.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Reduce boilerplate code by using __seq_open_private() instead of
seq_open() in kallsyms_open().
Signed-off-by: Rob Jones <rob.jones@codethink.co.uk>
Cc: Gideon Israel Dsouza <gidisrael@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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