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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull timer and timekeeping core updates from Thomas Gleixner:
- Fix a subtly inconsistency in the timekeeping code, which fails to
account for the monotonicity adjustment in ntp_error.
For small changes of the clocksource multiplicator (+/-1) which are
typically used by the NTP PLL this is hard to observe. But for larger
adjustments, e.g. caused by a direct frequency setting through
adjtimex() the one-time uncompensated offset is significant.
Cure this by adjusting ntp_error with the resulting offset so that
the discrepancy is smoothed away over time
- Make tick length calculations correct in NTP.
The timekeeping core takes the quantisation of the clocksource into
account when calculating the tick length to compensate for the
deviation of the nominal NTP_INTERVAL_LENGTH.
While timekeeping gets this right, NTP is not aware of that, which
means it operates on the nominal value and not on the actual value
which is determined by the clock source frequency. The rounding of a
coarse clocksource like the ACPI PM timer results in a +127 PPM
deviation.
Cure this by exposing the deviation to the NTP code so that it can
operate on the same data as the timekeeping core. This is purely
kernel internal. User space still sees the nominal tick lenght via
adjtimex().
- The accuracy of the NTP adjustments is fairly approximate as the code
assumes that the invocations are precisely in NTP interval frequency
ticks and the final adjustment can over and under-run.
Cure this by adjusting ntp_error by the intended skew on each tick to
achieve the desired rate.
- Handle the two competing skews of time offset and time adjustment
correctly by calculating the conflict portion between the skews and
adjusting both accordingly.
- A set of updates and improvements for the selftests
- The usual small fixes and improvements all over the place
* tag 'timers-core-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (58 commits)
selftests: timers: nsleep-lat: Check all calls to clock_nanosleep() and clock_gettime()
selftests: timers: nsleep-lat: Reuse kselftest error numbers
selftests: timers: nsleep-lat: Explicitly list the tested clocks
selftests: timers: nsleep-lat: Use NSEC_PER_MSEC define for unreasonable latency
selftests: timers: nanosleep: Report each test separately
selftests: timers: nanosleep: Explicitly handle timer_delete() failure
selftests: timers: nanosleep: Move all single clock tests out of the loop in main()
selftests: timers: nanosleep: Reuse kselftest error numbers
selftests: timers: nanosleep: Explicitly list the tested clocks
selftests: timers: nanosleep: Drop output alignment
selftests: timers: Use clock_name() and constants from clock-helpers.h
selftests: Add clock-helpers.h
timer_list: Use ktime_t over nanoseconds
timer_list: Use standard 'long long' format placeholders
hrtimer: Add a lockdep assertion to hrtimer_update_base()
timekeeping: Use u32 for clock_was_set_seq
timekeeping: Rename clockid_aux_valid() to clockid_is_aux_clock()
hrtimer: Account nr_retries on recovered interrupt retries
timers/itimer: Zero-init old itimerval before copy to userspace
nohz: Replace dead select with choice default
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull SMP core updates from Thomas Gleixner:
- Reduce the preemption disabled sections in smp_call_function*().
The various smp call functions keep preemption disabled accross the
full operation which includes the wait for completion. Especially the
latter can take some time when one of the target CPUs is not
immediately responding to the IPI, which can result in large latency
spikes.
To improve this provide a per task CPU mask to track the CPUs to wait
for. That makes the information required for the wait task local and
therefore allows to reenable preemption before the wait.
While this comes with moderate extra memory cost this reduces SMP
function call induced latency measured in a fleet for high priority
tasks from ~17ms to ~1.5ms (~90%).
- Reduce the overhead of the CSD debug code by replacing the heavy
memory barriers with smp_store_release()/acquire()
- Remove obsolute unused hotplug states
* tag 'smp-core-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
scftorture: Remove preempt_disable() in scftorture_invoke_one()
smp: Remove preempt_disable() from on_each_cpu_cond_mask()
smp: Remove preempt_disable() from smp_call_function()
smp: Enable preemption early in smp_call_function_many_cond()
smp: Alloc percpu csd data in smpcfd_prepare_cpu() only once
smp: Use task-local IPI cpumask in smp_call_function_many_cond()
smp: Refactor remote CPU selection in smp_call_function_any()
smp: Enable preemption early in smp_call_function_single()
smp: Disable preemption explicitly in __csd_lock_wait()
cpu/hotplug: Remove CPUHP_AP_ARM_CORESIGHT_CTI_STARTING
smp: Use release stores for csd_lock_record() state
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull futex updates from Thomas Gleixner:
- Improvements to various futex self tests:
- Conversion to the selftest harness
- Provide and use thread creation and synchronization helpers to
reduce the dependency on delays, which tend to fail on loaded test
systems
- New tests for validating owner exit scenarios for robust and PI
futexes
- Runtime detect supported features and skip the tests if the kernel
has no support
- A few minor fixes
* tag 'locking-futex-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
selftests/futex: Give circular-list nodes static storage
selftests/futex: Use thread synchronization helpers instead of usleep()
selftests/futex: Provide thread creation and synchronization helpers
selftests/futex: Dynamically skip unsupported tests
selftests/futex: Add FUTEX_LOCK_PI owner-exiting coverage
selftests/futex: Migrate robust_list to harness
selftests/futex: Migrate futex_priv_hash to harness
selftests/futex: Migrate futex_numa_mpol to harness
selftests/futex: Migrate futex_requeue_pi_signal_restart to harness
selftests/futex: Migrate futex_requeue_pi_mismatched_ops to harness
selftests/futex: Migrate futex_requeue_pi to harness
selftests/futex: Migrate futex_requeue to harness
selftests/futex: Migrate futex_wait_uninitialized_heap to harness
selftests/futex: Migrate futex_wait_private_mapped_file to harness
selftests/futex: Migrate futex_wait to harness
selftests/futex: Correct validation logic in waitv
selftests/futex: Migrate functional tests to harness
selftests/futex: Remove static keyword from 'head'
futex: Remove unnecessary NULL check before kvfree()
selftests/rseq: Replace glibc-specific __GNUC_PREREQ with portable check
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull generic interrupt subsystem updates from Thomas Gleixner:
- Remove pointless NULL checks of the kstats_irqs field. That's a
historical left over and not longer required.
- Add Radu Rendec as reviewer. Radu thankfully stepped up to help
reviewing the interrupt core and the related drivers code.
- The usual small improvements and fixes
* tag 'irq-core-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
MAINTAINERS: Add Radu Rendec as reviewer for the interrupt subsystem
genirq/msi: Move misplaced EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for msi_domain_free_irqs_all()
parisc: Remove unnecessary NULL check of the kstat_irqs field
genirq: Remove unnecessary NULL check of the kstat_irqs field
irqdomain: Remove unnedded NULL check in __irq_domain_[de]activate_irq()
genirq/manage: Use irqd_get_parent_data() helper in __irq_get_irqchip_state()
irqdomain: Plug leak in irq_domain_alloc_irqs_locked() error path
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull generic entry code updates from Thomas Gleixner:
- Make syscall user dispatching configurable
Not all architectures can makes use of syscall user dispatching.
Allow them to disable the feature completely.
- Consolidate stack randomization for the generic entry code and the
architectures using it.
Stack randomization on syscall entry was sprinkled throughout the
architecture specific low level entry code and in some cases at the
wrong points, e.g. before establishing state, which violates the
non-instrumentable constraints of that code.
Clean this up by integrating stack randomization into the generic
entry code helpers so that it is invoked at the earliest possible
point right after establishing state and converting all generic entry
code using architecture over.
- Clean up the syscall number handling in the generic entry code. It
works correctly for architectures which have a separate return value
storage in pt_regs, but fails to distinguish the case where user
space handed in -1 as syscall number from the case where the entry
code rejects it by returning -1 to the callers. Aside of that the
return value functionality of those interfaces is not really
intuitive.
Fix this by separating the decision to reject a syscall (user
dispatch, ptrace, seccomp ...) from the potential modification of the
syscall number through these mechanisms.
This solves most of the problems for architectures which do not have
a separate return value storage in pt_regs except for the case where
a tracepoint has a BPF script or a probe attached which overwrite
both the syscall number and the return value. But that's a problem
which cannot be solved in the generic code, that only can be
addressed by separating the storage model in the affected
architectures.
* tag 'core-entry-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (23 commits)
entry, treewide: Make syscall_enter_from_user_mode[_work]() indicate syscall execution
entry: Make return type of syscall_trace_enter() bool
entry: Rework trace_syscall_enter()
entry: Rework syscall_audit_enter()
syscall_user_dispatch: Introduce ARCH_SUPPORTS_SYSCALL_USER_DISPATCH
entry: Fix seccomp bypass after ptrace with TSYNC
x86/entry: Simplify the syscall number logic
x86/entry: Get rid of the sys_ni_syscall() indirection
x86/entry: Make syscall functions static
ptrace, treewide: Rename ptrace_report_syscall_entry() to ptrace_report_syscall_permit_entry()
seccomp, treewide: Rename and convert __secure_computing() to return boolean
entry: Use syscall number instead of rereading it
entry: Remove syscall_enter_from_user_mode()
x86/syscall: Use [syscall_]enter_from_user_mode_randomize_stack()
s390/syscall: Use enter_from_user_mode_randomize_stack()
riscv/syscall: Use syscall_enter_from_user_mode_randomize_stack()
powerpc/syscall: Use syscall_enter_from_user_mode_randomize_stack()
loongarch/syscall: Use syscall_enter_from_user_mode_randomize_stack()
entry: Provide [syscall_]enter_from_user_mode_randomize_stack()
randomize_kstack: Provide add_random_kstack_offset_irqsoff()
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Load-balancing updates:
- 'flatten the pick': improve cgroup scheduling, which has always
been problematic and painful, which has caused various scheduling
misbehavior such as the mishandling of reniced tasks et al.
Add various cgroup weight distribution methods via cgroup_mode:
'up', 'max', 'concur' and 'tasks' - with the default being 'concur'
which is the most precise yet also most expensive version.
Finally, change cgroup scheduling to a single runqueue (Peter
Zijlstra)
- Series to improve the scheduling latency of short slice tasks
(Vincent Guittot)
- Series to fix cluster scheduling in the presence of asymmetric
capacity (Ricardo Neri)
- Prefer fully idle cores for NOHZ balancing (Andrea Righi)
- Don't trigger active load-balancing if src_rq->curr is not on_rq
(Xin Zhao)
PSI updates:
- Skip irqtime accounting when no new irq time has elapsed (Usama
Arif)
Scheduler debugging updates:
- Remove unused schedstats (Shrikanth Hegde)
- Defer freeing of cpumask memblock memory to initcall (Waiman Long)
Misc fixes and updates by Yu C Chen, K Prateek Nayak, Peter Zijlstra,
Vincent Guittot, Xin Zhao, Yury Norov, Zhan Xusheng"
* tag 'sched-core-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (33 commits)
sched/fair: Fix flat hierarchy
sched/isolation: Defer freeing of cpumask memblock memory to initcall
sched/topology: Restore SD_PREFER_SIBLING in domains with asymmetric capacity
sched/fair: Allow load balancing between CPUs of identical capacity
sched/fair: Skip misfit load accounting when the destination CPU cannot help
sched/fair: Check CPU capacity before comparing group types during load balance
sched/fair: Also gate overloaded status update for SD_ASYM_CPUCAPACITY
sched/fair: Do not skip CPUs of similar capacity with busy SMT siblings
sched/fair: Prefer fully idle cores for NOHZ balancing
stop_machine: Make stop_one_cpu_nowait() return void
sched/eevdf: Delayed dequeue task can't preempt
sched/fair: Fix stale comments referring to removed CFS concepts
sched/debug: Remove unused schedstats
sched/psi: skip irqtime accounting when no new irq time has elapsed
sched/fair: Reflow sched_balance_rq()
sched/fair: Simplify balance_interval reset logic in sched_balance_rq()
sched/fair: Don't trigger active lb if src_rq->curr is not on_rq
sched/eevdf: Speedup short slice task scheduling
sched/eevdf: Always update slice protection
sched/eevdf: Cancel slice protection if short slice task is eligible
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Futexes:
- Use runtime constants for futex_hash computation (K Prateek Nayak,
Peter Zijlstra)
- Optimise the size check get_futex_key() (Sebastian Andrzej Siewior)
- Avoid private hash use-after-free on final put (Felix Hoffmann)
- Tell kmemleak we're not leaking __futex_queues (Peter Zijlstra)
Rust integration updates:
- Implement refcounted interrupt disable and SpinLockIrq for Rust
(Boqun Feng, Heiko Carstens, Joel Fernandes, Lyude Paul)
- Rust sync: add helpers for mb, dma_mb and friends; add generic
memory barriers and use LKMM atomics instead of Rust atomics in the
revocable code (Gary Guo)
- Add abstraction and integrate synchronize_rcu() (Philipp Stanner)
Lock debugging:
- Add qspinlock contended_release tracepoint (Dmitry Ilvokhin, Peter
Zijlstra)
- Enable the printing of held locks of remote running tasks and print
task CPU (Ingo Molnar)
- percpu-rwsem: Annotate intentional data race in readers_active_check()
(Sun Shaojie)
Misc fixes and updates by Boqun Feng, Peter Zijlstra, Fangrui Song,
Naveen Kumar Chaudhary and Thomas Huth"
* tag 'locking-core-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (44 commits)
rust: sync: Introduce SpinLockIrq::lock_with() and friends
rust: sync: Add SpinLockIrq
rust: sync: Use super::* in spinlock.rs
rust: helper: Add spin_{un,}lock_irq_{enable,disable}() helpers
rust: Introduce interrupt module
s390/preempt: Enable HAS_SEPARATE_PREEMPT_RESCHED_BITS
arm64: sched/preempt: Enable HAS_SEPARATE_PREEMPT_RESCHED_BITS
preempt: Introduce HAS_SEPARATE_PREEMPT_RESCHED_BITS
sched: Avoid signed comparison of preempt_count() in __cant_migrate()
sched: Remove the unused preempt_offset parameter of __cant_sleep()
locking: Switch to _irq_{disable,enable}() variants in cleanup guards
irq: Add KUnit test for refcounted interrupt enable/disable
irq,spin_lock: Add counted interrupt disabling/enabling
openrisc: Include <linux/cpumask.h> in smp.h
preempt: Introduce __preempt_count_{sub,add}_return()
preempt: Introduce HARDIRQ_DISABLE_BITS
preempt: Track NMI nesting to separate per-CPU counter
futex: Tell kmemleak we're not leaking __futex_queues
x86/paravirt: Trace contended_release on unlock
tracing/lock: Use TRACE_EVENT_FN() for contended_release
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull performance events updates from Ingo Molnar:
"uprobes updates:
- Fix a category of bugs with optimized uprobes that can clobber the
redzone area with call instruction storing return address on stack
where user code may keep temporary data without adjusting RSP.
Fix this by moving the optimized uprobes on top of 10-bytes NOP
instruction, so we can squeeze another instruction to escape the
redzone area before doing the call (Jiri Olsa, Andrii Nakryiko)
- Switch uretprobes_srcu to SRCU-fast-updown, to improve performance
(Puranjay Mohan)
Intel CPU PMU driver updates:
- Optimize ACR handling in match_prev_assignment() (Dapeng Mi)
- Fix various PMU driver bugs and data leaks (Dapeng Mi)
- Fix Intel PT stop/start with no update (Adrian Hunter)
Intel uncore PMU driver updates:
- Fix various uncore PMU setup robustness bugs (Zide Chen)
AMD uncore PMU driver updates:
- Add group validation (Sandipan Das)
.. and misc fixes and updates by Dapeng Mi, Randy Dunlap and Zide Chen"
* tag 'perf-core-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (42 commits)
perf/x86: Optimize ACR handling in match_prev_assignment()
perf/x86/intel: Fix intel_cap handling on hybrid PMUs
perf/x86: Remove stale fixed counter helper and fix hybrid PMU access
perf/x86/intel: Unwind cpuc state if PEBS buffer setup fails
perf/x86: Guard intel_pmu_cpu_dead() against invalid hybrid PMU casts
perf/x86: Free hybrid state on PMU init failure
perf/x86: Unregister PMI handler on PMU init failure
perf/x86/intel/pt: Fix stop/start with no update
perf/x86/intel/pt: Use bitwise access for PERF_HES_STOPPED
perf/x86/intel/pt: Factor out pt_config_enable()
uprobes: Switch uretprobes_srcu to SRCU-fast-updown
srcu: Add lock guard for srcu_fast_updown flavor
perf/x86/intel/pt: Drop kernel-doc for deleted struct members
perf/x86/amd/uncore: Add group validation
selftests/bpf: Add tests for forked/cloned optimized uprobes
selftests/bpf: Add tests for uprobe nop10 red zone clobbering
selftests/bpf: Add reattach tests for uprobe syscall
selftests/bpf: Change uprobe/usdt trigger bench code to use nop10
selftests/bpf: Change uprobe syscall tests to use nop10
selftests/bpf: Emit nop,nop10 instructions combo for x86_64 arch
...
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On PREEMPT_RT, bh_worker() wraps work item execution in pool->cb_lock to
provide a handshake for canceling BH work items. When a CPU goes down,
drain_dead_softirq_workfn() runs the dead pool's bh_worker() nested inside
the local pool's bh_worker(), acquiring the cb_locks of two different pools
without a nesting annotation. lockdep reports possible recursive locking:
============================================
WARNING: possible recursive locking detected
--------------------------------------------
ktimers/0/16 is trying to acquire lock:
ffff8880b873a990 (&pool->cb_lock){+...}-{3:3}, at: bh_worker+0x7d/0x880
but task is already holding lock:
ffff8880b863a990 (&pool->cb_lock){+...}-{3:3}, at: bh_worker+0x7d/0x880
Call Trace:
bh_worker+0x7d/0x880 kernel/workqueue.c:3688
drain_dead_softirq_workfn+0x95/0x220 kernel/workqueue.c:3763
process_scheduled_works+0xa8e/0x14e0 kernel/workqueue.c:3405
bh_worker+0x46a/0x880 kernel/workqueue.c:3708
tasklet_action+0xc/0x70 kernel/softirq.c:965
The nesting can't deadlock. A pool's bh_worker() runs nested only while the
pool's CPU is dead, entered from a live pool's bh_worker() on the draining
CPU, so the ordering is always live to dead. CPU hotplug operations are
serialized and the drain is synchronous, so the nesting depth never exceeds
two. Annotate the inner acquisition with SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: syzbot+1bd20115328f8254ed62@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=1bd20115328f8254ed62
Fixes: ad7c7f4b9c6c ("workqueue: Provide a handshake for canceling BH workers")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.18+
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ops.cgroup_set_bandwidth() is delivered from scx_group_set_bandwidth(),
which runs from the cpu.max cgroup interface write path (tg_set_bandwidth())
in process context. scx_group_set_bandwidth() holds
percpu_down_read(&scx_cgroup_ops_rwsem), whose read side may sleep.
The call site is therefore sleepable, like ops.cgroup_init().
bpf_scx_check_member() rejects a sleepable program on any member not on its
allow-list, so a BPF scheduler cannot allocate -- which is sleepable -- when
a cgroup gains a cpu.max limit at runtime; it must instead pre-reserve memory
for a callback that cannot allocate. Add cgroup_set_bandwidth() to the
allow-list so the callback can allocate on demand, and document that it may
block.
A scheduler must decide at load time whether to mark the callback sleepable,
but the allow-list entry is a verifier property with no symbol to probe. Add
a compatibility marker whose presence in the kernel's BTF lets userspace detect
this support: DEFINE_SCX_COMPAT_MARKER() emits an empty, callerless function,
here scx_compat_marker_cgroup_set_bandwidth_may_sleep(). It is __used
__retain so neither the compiler nor the linker (under
CONFIG_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION) drops it. The markers share the
scx_compat_marker_ prefix and are collected near the end of ext.c so more
can be added as further capabilities appear.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux
Pull liveupdate updates from Mike Rapoport:
"Kexec Handover:
- Fix size calculation in kho_preserved_memory_reserve() for
preservations larger than 2 GiB
Live Update Orchestrator:
- move liveupdate selftest utilities into a library so that selftests
of subsystems participating in liveupdate, e.g. PCI and VFIO, can
use them and drop direct ioctl calls from the tests
- add end to end liveupdate test infrastructure that allows running
the tests across a kexec in QEMU
- remove redundant INIT_LIST_HEAD in luo_session_alloc()
- remember the error status of an FLB retrieve() and return it on
subsequent attempts rather than retrying retrieve() with an FLB in
an unexpected state
- reference count the outgoing FLB so that it cannot be freed while a
caller is using it, the same way it's done for the incoming FLB
- reject nonzero reserved field in LIVEUPDATE_SESSION_FINISH so that
it can be reused by a future extension"
* tag 'liveupdate-v7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux:
kho: fix size calculation in kho_preserved_memory_reserve()
selftests/liveupdate: Move luo_test_utils.* into a reusable library
selftests/liveupdate: Use luo_test_utils.c for liveupdate ioctl APIs
liveupdate: Remember FLB retrieve() status
liveupdate: Reference count outgoing FLB data
liveupdate: reject nonzero reserved value for SESSION_FINISH
liveupdate: Remove redundant INIT_LIST_HEAD in luo_session_alloc
selftests/liveupdate: add end to end test infrastructure and scripts
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux
Pull kexec updates from Mike Rapoport:
- Deduplicate crash memory allocation and the exclusion of reserved
crash kernel regions from architecture specific code into a generic
crash_prepare_headers() and enable crashkernel CMA reservation on
arm64 and riscv reservation on arm64 and riscv.
- Skip purgatory checksum verification when the kexec segments cannot
be corrupted by DMA, which saves about 250ms on kexec.
- Replace __ASSEMBLY__ with the compiler provided __ASSEMBLER__ in
include/linux/kexec.h.
- Fix a keyring refcount imbalance in the kdump kernel's dm-crypt key
restore path, which over-dropped the user keyring reference when
more than one key was restored.
* tag 'kexec-v7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux:
crash_dump: release keyring reference at the correct time
kexec: Replace __ASSEMBLY__ with __ASSEMBLER__ in header file
kexec_file: skip checksum verification when safe
riscv: kexec_file: Add support for crashkernel CMA reservation
arm64: kexec_file: Add support for crashkernel CMA reservation
powerpc/kexec_file: Use crash_exclude_core_ranges() helper
LoongArch: kexec_file: Use crash_prepare_headers() helper to simplify code
riscv: kexec_file: Use crash_prepare_headers() helper to simplify code
x86/crash: Use crash_prepare_headers() helper to simplify code
arm64: kexec_file: Use crash_prepare_headers() helper to simplify code
crash: Add crash_prepare_headers() to exclude crash kernel memory
powerpc/crash: sort crash memory ranges before preparing elfcorehdr
riscv: kexec_file: Fix crashk_low_res not exclude bug
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"As has been the case for quite some time, this set of changes is
dominated by cpufreq updates including intel-pstate and amd-pstate
driver updates, minor fixes and cleanups of other assorted cpufreq
drivers, schedutil governor updates, fixes of the Rust bindings, new
hardware support (IPQ5210 in qcom-nvmem), and some updates of self
tests related to cpufreq.
The second largest group of changes are cpuidle updates consisting of
intel_idle driver updates and ACPI processor idle driver updates, both
mostly related to ACPI _LPI support.
There are also updates related to system sleep, mostly in the
hibernation core code, two operating performance points (OPP) updates,
one runtime PM framework update, one power capping update, and some
tools updates including the addition of ACPI CPPC support to cpupower.
Specifics:
- Minor fixes and cleanups in assorted cpufreq drivers (Dan
Carpenter, Guru Das Srinagesh, Haoxiang Li, Karl Mehltretter, Sasha
Finkelstein, and Pan Chuang)
- Fix cpufreq table creation and bios_limits() callback in the Rust
bindings (Priya Bala Govindasamy)
- Add IPQ5210 support to qcom-nvmem driver (Varadarajan Narayanan)
- Adjust the .adjust_perf() cpufreq driver callback to allow the
maximum performance value to be passed to drivers and update the
intel_pstate driver to use it (Rafael Wysocki)
- Set policy->cur to the actual requested frequency in the
intel_pstate driver when the performance policy is used (Rafael
Wysocki)
- Simplify HWP handling on Broadwell processors in intel_pstate
(Rafael Wysocki)
- Fix setting minimum P-state at init time in intel_pstate (Rafael
Wysocki)
- Consolidate frequency values computation in intel_pstate and clean
up code in that driver (Rafael Wysocki)
- Add missing kernel-doc descriptions for structure and union members
in the amd-pstate driver (David Vernet)
- Handle missing policy in dynamic EPP callbacks in the amd-pstate
driver (EDAMAMEX)
- Introduce EXPORT_SYMBOL_FOR_PSTATE_UT() to export amd-pstate driver
symbols to the amd-pstate-ut subdriver (K Prateek Nayak)
- Add dynamic EPP as an "energy_performance_preference" mode in
amd-pstate, remove the "amd_dynamic_epp" kernel command line option
and the "dynamic_epp" sysfs attribute, and update the dynamic_epp
documentation accordingly (K Prateek Nayak)
- Add unit tests for CPPC Performance Priority and the "dynamic" EPP
mode in the amd-pstate driver (K Prateek Nayak)
- Set min_limit_freq based on bios_min_perf in amd-pstate and remove
the defensive check for bios_min_perf from it (K Prateek Nayak)
- Fix EPP return type and handle errors in amd-pstate during
initialization, toggle auto_sel in active mode on shared memory
systems, and cache the firmware programmed EPP value (Marco
Scardovi)
- Skip tests in amd-pstate-ut if the amd-pstate driver is not in
active use (Qianheng Peng)
- Replace sprintf() with sysfs_emit() in sysfs show in the cpufreq
schedutil governor and fix a self-contradictory comment in
sugov_iowait_apply() (Zhongqiu Han)
- Fix the usage example for the sampling_rate tunable of the ondemand
cpufreq governor in admin-guide (wangxiaodong)
- Avoid using deep idle states during initialization in the
intel_idle driver to work around device handling issues (Rafael
Wysocki)
- Fix and refactor the ACPI processor driver code related to ACPI
_LPI support and add ACPI _LPI support to intel_idle based on that
ACPI processor driver update (Rafael Wysocki)
- Backup and restore governor for cpufreq sptests (Yiwei Lin)
- Remove unnecessary sudo from quick_shuffle() and remove unused
local variables from switch_show_governor() in cpufreq selftests
(Jinseok Kim)
- Rename the PM core module parameter prefix to "pm" and allow the PM
transition (DPM) watchdog to be disabled by default (Tzung-Bi Shih)
- Fix off-by-one in wakelocks number limit check in the system sleep
sysfs interface (Haowen Tu)
- Remove kernel-doc markings from helper descriptions in the core
hibernation code (Adi Nata)
- Use %pe to print error pointer values in the hibernation core
(Ronan Marchal)
- Fix memory leak in snapshot_write_next() error path (Malaya Kumar
Rout)
- Delay allocating and linking the next swap_map_page in the
hibernation image saving code until another image page actually
needs to be recorded (Haesung Kim)
- Fix cleanup ordering around scope-based pointers in OPP (Gregor
Herburger).
- Use clk_get_optional() for optional clocks in OPP (Praveen Talari).
- Stop setting runtime_error on runtime resume callback failures to
allow drivers to recover from resume issues (Praveen Talari)
- Handle PMU registration failure during probe in the intel_rapl_tpmi
driver (Sumeet Pawnikar)
- Avoid optional imports in intel_pstate_tracer unless they are
really needed (Yousef Alhouseen)
- Add generic CPPC performance display to the cpupower utility, build
and call CPPC information on non-AMD processors, make cpupower
print kernel and hardware frequency information, and add libm to
cpupower for generic CPPC view (Jeremy Linton)
- Remove conditional return with no effect from cpupower (Sang-Heon
Jeon)"
* tag 'pm-7.3-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (76 commits)
cpufreq: imx6q: fix out-of-bounds write when probed more than once
cpufreq: imx6q: fix devres accumulation across driver rebind
rust: cpufreq: Fix temporary write in Registration::bios_limit_callback
rust: cpufreq: Add CPUFREQ_TABLE_END as last table entry in TableBuilder::to_table
opp: Use clk_get_optional() to avoid leaving opp_table->clk as an error pointer
intel_idle: Avoid using deep idle states during initialization
cpupower: remove conditional return with no effect
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Adjust policy->cur in active mode to policy
cpufreq/amd-pstate: Document missing kernel-doc members
cpufreq/amd-pstate-ut: Add unit test for CPPC Performance Priority
cpufreq/amd-pstate-ut: Add unit test for "dynamic" EPP mode
cpufreq/amd-pstate: Reduce the scope of exported symbols
Documentation/amd-pstate: Update dynamic_epp documentation with new behavior
cpufreq/amd-pstate: Remove "amd_dynamic_epp" cmdline and "dynamic_epp" sysfs
cpufreq/amd-pstate: Add dynamic EPP as an "energy_performance_preference" mode
cpufreq/amd-pstate: Extract platform profile to EPP conversion into a helper
cpufreq/amd-pstate: Remove the defensive check for bios_min_perf
cpufreq/amd-pstate: Set min_limit_freq based on bios_min_perf
powercap: intel_rapl_tpmi: Handle PMU registration failure during probe
PM: sleep: Allow disabling DPM watchdog by default
...
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When timers are migrated away from an offline CPU the debugobjects state
gets corrupted. The timer is accounted as inactive on deletion, but the
enqueue on the alive CPU lacks the activation call.
That used to work, but got broken when the trace point and the debug
objects call got separated. That change missed to fixup
migrate_timer_list().
Add the missing debug_timer_activate() invocation to fix it.
Fixes: dc1e7dc5ac62 ("timer: Move trace point to get proper index")
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/87bjb0l7ha.ffs@fw13
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Pull to receive the __arena argument conversion:
67f1f4a48c24 ("sched_ext: Pass kernel arena pointers to ops_cid callbacks")
a8dc810968af ("sched_ext: Convert sub-cap kfuncs to __arena cmask arguments")
a05c5b5cb5cf ("sched_ext: Convert scx_bpf_cid_override() to __arena array arguments")
along with the bpf-next branch carrying the __arena argument support they
depend on.
Conflict in kernel/sched/ext/ext.c between:
c384ab8a0b13 ("sched_ext: Move the config-off sub-cap kfunc stubs into sub.c")
and:
a8dc810968af ("sched_ext: Convert sub-cap kfuncs to __arena cmask arguments")
which updated the stubs in their old ext.c location. Resolved by keeping
ext.c without the stubs and applying the prototype conversion to the
relocated stubs in sub.c.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull cachefiles ondemand removal from Christian Brauner:
"This sunsets cachefiles ondemand mode.
It was an effort to make fscache usable as a kernel cache for lazy
pulling. EROFS over fscache was its only in-tree user. fscache has
since become netfslib-oriented while EROFS never acts as a network
filesystem and EROFS over fscache has been removed.
So this cleans up the netfs, fscache and cachefiles side as well"
* tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.netfs' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
cachefiles,netfs: sunset ondemand mode
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull kthread vfs updates from Christian Brauner:
"This stops kernel threads from sharing filesystem state with
userspace. This work is about 3 cycles old and has been in -next
for about that time.
When the kernel boots init_task creates PID 1 and then kthreadd. From
that point every kthread and PID 1 share the same fs_struct. That is
why pivot_root() has to rewrite the fs_struct of all kthreads. The
rewriting exists so that kthreads can use init's filesystem state when
they want to. It also means userspace can move the ground out from
under the kernel.
PID 1 now gets a completely separate fs_struct. All kthreads are
anchored in a private SB_KERNMOUNT instance of nullfs that cannot be
mounted on and cannot be used to follow other mounts. Userspace init
can no longer affect kthread filesystem state and kthreads can no
longer affect userspace fs state without explicit opting in to that.
Path lookup from a kthread now fails by default. It makes it
deliberately hard to offload security sensitive operations into init's
filesystem state from a kthread.
Places that legitimately need to look something up there opt in
through the new scoped_with_init_fs() which temporarily overrides the
caller's fs_struct with init's. usermodehelpers remain the only kernel
tasks that genuinely share init's filesystem state, since they execute
random binaries in the root filesystem (excellent...).
The visible result is that /proc/2/root is a nullfs with an empty
mountinfo while /proc/1/root is the real root"
* tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.kthread' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (26 commits)
initramfs_test: use test init/exit hooks to override init fs
fs: stop rewriting paths for PF_EXITING | PF_DUMPCORE
fs: stop rewriting kthread fs structs
fs: start all kthreads in nullfs
nullfs: make nullfs multi-instance
devtmpfs: create private mount namespace
fs: add umh argument to struct kernel_clone_args
fs: stop sharing fs_struct between init_task and pid 1
af_unix: use scoped_with_init_fs() for coredump socket lookup
initramfs: use scoped_with_init_fs() for rootfs unpacking
pnfs/blocklayout: use scoped_with_init_fs() for SCSI device lookup
ksmbd: use scoped_with_init_fs() for VFS path operations
ksmbd: use scoped_with_init_fs() for filesystem info path lookup
ksmbd: use scoped_with_init_fs() for share path resolution
fs: use scoped_with_init_fs() for kernel_read_file_from_path_initns()
coredump: use scoped_with_init_fs() for coredump path resolution
btrfs: use scoped_with_init_fs() for update_dev_time()
scsi: target: use scoped_with_init_fs() for APTPL metadata
scsi: target: use scoped_with_init_fs() for ALUA metadata
crypto: ccp: use scoped_with_init_fs() for SEV file access
...
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Every LOCALIO read and write is currently bounced through the dedicated
!WQ_MEM_RECLAIM nfslocaliod_workqueue. That bounce is only actually
required when the submitting context is a memory-reclaim context: LOCALIO
issues IO directly into a stacked local filesystem (e.g. XFS) which may in
turn flush its own !WQ_MEM_RECLAIM workqueue. Doing that from a
WQ_MEM_RECLAIM worker (most importantly writeback's wb_workfn on bdi_wq) or
an explicit PF_MEMALLOC reclaim task trips check_flush_dependency() and
risks a forward-progress deadlock, which is why commit b9f5dd57f4a5
("nfs/localio: use dedicated workqueues for filesystem read and write")
introduced the intermediate workqueue.
Outside of reclaim context -- ordinary application/task submission such as
O_DIRECT or fsync-driven writeback -- the workqueue hop buys nothing and
merely adds a context switch and scheduling latency per IO while discarding
the NFS client's inherent application-context parallelism.
Add current_is_workqueue_mem_reclaim(), which reports whether %current is a
WQ_MEM_RECLAIM worker using the same predicate check_flush_dependency()
warns on. Use it, together with the PF_MEMALLOC check, in the new
nfs_local_defer_io() helper to decide per-IO whether nfs_local_do_read()
and nfs_local_do_write() must defer to nfslocaliod_workqueue or may issue
the IO inline. Buffered writeback continues to bounce (wb_workfn is a
WQ_MEM_RECLAIM worker); O_DIRECT and app-context submission now run inline.
Running nfs_local_call_write() inline is safe: it already saves and
restores current->flags around the PF_LOCAL_THROTTLE|PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO it
sets and scopes the file opener's creds. The async O_DIRECT completion
path is likewise unaffected: when the underlying filesystem returns
-EIOCBQUEUED, the kiocb ki_complete callback (nfs_local_read_aio_complete /
nfs_local_write_aio_complete) can run in bottom-half context and so must
still defer the pgio completion (nfs_local_pgio_release -> rpc_call_done) to
nfsiod_workqueue via nfs_local_pgio_aio_complete(). That completion hop is
independent of how the IO was submitted, and this change leaves it as-is;
only the submission side stops unconditionally hopping through
nfslocaliod_workqueue.
Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-8
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull binfmt updates from Christian Brauner:
"This contains a bunch of work for binfmt_misc. It fixes a bunch of
old bugs, reworks the locking, and then extends the format registry
so a binary type can be matched programmatically and its interpreter
computed per exec instead of being a fixed string recorded at
registration time.
This allows nixos and other to e.g., implement relocatable binaries
meaning the interpreter/dynamic loader can be determined
programatically, say found relative to the binary. The mechanism is
flexible and can support other policies:
- Handler lookup is now an rcu walk. An exec that matches no
binfmt_misc entry should now never write to a shared cacheline
- remove the VERBOSE_STATUS and USE_DEBUG compile time toggles
- convert the entry file to a seq_file which simplifies things quite
a bit and kills a lot of custom logic
- make flags proper enums
- rename struct Node to binfmt_misc_entry
- allow entries to be removed with unlink(2)
- Add the ability to attach bpf programs to binfmt_misc entries so
it's possible to dynamically choose the execution environment such
as the loader or interpreter on a per binary basis.
A handler is an instance of a binfmt_misc_ops struct_ops with a
->match() and a ->load() program. match() decides from the entry
lookup walk whether the handler applies under the same
registration-order. It can read file content as needed not only the
prefetched 256 bytes in bprm->buf.
load() then selects the interpreter and stages it through the new
bpf_binprm_set_interp(), bpf_binprm_set_interp_arg() and
bpf_binprm_set_flags() kfuncs.
Handlers are published in a registry keyed by the registering
task's user namespace and activated through the existing text
interface with a new 'B' type carrying the handler name:
echo ':origin:B::::nix:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
The permission and namespacing model is unchanged. Activating a
handler requires the same write access to an instance as any other
registration. A container mounting its own instance escapes the
host's entries exactly as before. The computed interpreter is
opened with open_exec() under the caller's credentials and goes
through full LSM vetting as the next binprm level. A program can
only ever redirect the caller to something the caller could exec
anyway.
- Two dispatch modes are added. So far the chosen interpreter owns
the whole process identity (argv[0], /proc/pid/cmdline,
/proc/self/exe all name interpreter information). So relocatable
find the dynamic linker instead. Also a binary passed to execveat()
as an inaccessible O_CLOEXEC fd cannot run at all and gdb trips
because AT_ENTRY and AT_PHDR do not match the exe file. So PIE
symbols are unrelocated.
This adds transparent dispatch which allows the interpreter to load
the binary through AT_EXECFD and leaves the argument vector exactly
as the caller built it and labels mm->exe_file and comm with the
binary. It also raises the AT_FLAGS_TRANSPARENT_INTERP aux vector
bit. The interpreter keeps control of mapping the binary.
The second mode is loader substitution. This allows a binary to be
executed natively and only the interpreter to be changed.
- Last, interpreters can be bound at registration time. Each
interpreter is opened by its own write with the credentials the
entry file was opened with. The program picks one per exec with
bpf_binprm_select_interp().
Ucounts are used to properly account for pre-opened interpreters
via /proc/sys/user/max_binfmt_misc_interpreters"
* tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.binfmt' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (63 commits)
binfmt_misc: document the pre-opened interpreter limit
selftests/exec: test the pre-opened interpreter limit
binfmt_misc: correctly account pre-opened interpreters
binfmt_misc: document interpreters bound by a 'B' entry
selftests/exec: test interpreters bound to a 'B' entry
binfmt_misc: let a 'B' entry bind its interpreters
binfmt_misc: carry pre-opened interpreters in struct binfmt_misc_interp
selftests/exec: share the bpf handler preconditions
binfmt_misc: document registering an entry disabled
selftests/exec: test registering an entry disabled
selftests/exec: let binfmt_flag_supported() return a bool
selftests/exec: check that a binfmt_misc instance cannot be pinned
binfmt_misc: let a register string create an entry disabled
binfmt_misc: document loader substitution
selftests/exec: test binfmt_misc loader substitution
binfmt_misc: let a bpf handler request loader substitution
binfmt_misc: add the 'L' loader substitution flag
binfmt_elf_fdpic: consume a stashed PT_INTERP substitute
binfmt_elf: consume a stashed PT_INTERP substitute
exec: carry a PT_INTERP substitute in struct linux_binprm
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull misc ipc and core updates from Christian Brauner:
- reject mq_notify() with a zero signal number
- fix coding style in the exit path
* tag 'ipc-7.3-rc1.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
mqueue: reject mq_notify with signo 0
* tag 'kernel-7.3-rc1.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
kernel: exit: fix coding style missing spaces
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add_subprogs() rejects both BPF-to-BPF calls and BPF_PSEUDO_FUNC loads for
unprivileged programs. The latter loads a subprogram address for use as a
callback, but its Policy report currently describes it as a function call and
suggests avoiding calls that the program does not contain.
Select the operation and suggestion from the instruction kind. Preserve the
existing call wording for BPF_PSEUDO_CALL, and describe BPF_PSEUDO_FUNC as a
BPF function reference.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/d02e6a6d3b2dc43a207b8ba836ce62497b250dede9252e7409c5212201c794b7@mail.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260816015746.2632990-14-memxor@gmail.com
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GCC emits BTF line records with a file name and line number, but leaves the
source line string empty. bpf_diag_source() currently treats that empty string
as if the complete line record were unavailable, so diagnostics fall back to
an instruction number and discard the function, file, and line attribution.
Print the available source location before deciding whether source context can
be rendered. When source text is absent, omit only the source context and retain
the diagnostic annotation and instruction context.
Fixes: b9c5d822f677 ("bpf: Add source and instruction diagnostic context")
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260816015746.2632990-12-memxor@gmail.com
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The Call Type Safety diagnostics mishandle three kfunc argument classes.
BTF type ID 0 represents void, but btf_show_name() also uses zero to end
type traversal. A pointer that resolves to void therefore loses its pointee
name and is rendered as "()". End traversal directly for concrete terminal
types, but resolve referenced types before testing for ID zero, and name the
void terminal type explicitly. Format the complete parameter pointer type
for nullable kfunc arguments, so void pointers are reported as (void *).
Also add the missing structured report when an __szk memory-size argument is
not a verifier-known constant. Describe the generic bpf_refcount_acquire()
contract without deriving an object type from its void pointer prototype.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/668871823f90f69896d3db27b56db2f53e481162.camel@gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260816015746.2632990-7-memxor@gmail.com
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The main diagnostic identifies the first outgoing stack slot as stack
argument 1 and the sixth function argument. The causal history instead
labels the same value as stack arg6, making it look like a different slot.
Render causal-history targets in the verifier's canonical stack-argument
location form. The first outgoing slot is now shown as *(R11-8), matching
reg_arg_name(), while the main diagnostic retains its fuller slot and
ordinal description.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/eb1be5327d136b7e5bd6d68e76fef6de20c40790.camel@gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260816015746.2632990-6-memxor@gmail.com
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check_helper_call() clears all caller-saved registers before taking the
diagnostic snapshot of R0. This records NOT_INIT as the old state for every
helper return and loses the lineage of the value held in R0 before the call.
bpf_diag_record_caller_saved() deliberately skips R0 because the paired
modification scope is responsible for it.
Open the R0 modification scope before clearing caller-saved registers,
matching the kfunc, ld_abs, and subprogram call paths.
Reported-by: Sashiko <sashiko-bot@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260815073833.A93A91F000E9@smtp.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/48e6f021b89562f68850fe21ef8c78719819b04cf9c4e4f50bc791937d37ace8@mail.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260816015746.2632990-4-memxor@gmail.com
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A cgroup getsockopt BPF program can shrink ctx->optlen after the
kernel getsockopt handler has run. The kernel-buffer variant, used by
TCP_ZEROCOPY_RECEIVE, only rejects values larger than the original
length.
If BPF writes a negative optlen, that value is accepted and propagated
back to the TCP getsockopt code. It can then be passed to
copy_to_sockptr() as a size_t and trigger the hardened usercopy
bytes > INT_MAX warning.
Reject negative ctx.optlen in __cgroup_bpf_run_filter_getsockopt_kern(),
matching the lower-bound validation already present in the sockptr-based
getsockopt hook.
Fixes: 9cacf81f8161 ("bpf: Remove extra lock_sock for TCP_ZEROCOPY_RECEIVE")
Reported-by: Sechang Lim <rhkrqnwk98@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junseo Lim <zirajs7@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Reviewed-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/187a4d756275aaaee5d65eecb63c1477b3b66554.1786448307.git.zirajs7@gmail.com
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bpf_convert_ctx_accesses() turns a BPF_LDX into a BPF_PROBE_MEM one by
matching the type recorded for the insn against a list of exact pointer
types. The list cannot keep up with the flag combinations the verifier
produces, and a type which is missing from it ends up as a plain load
without an exception table entry, so a bad address panics the kernel
instead of being handled.
Two such types exist today and are reachable:
- PTR_TO_BTF_ID | PTR_UNTRUSTED | MEM_ALLOC | NON_OWN_REF
- PTR_TO_BTF_ID | PTR_UNTRUSTED | MEM_RCU
Rather than adding the two, just drop the list and state the property
itself in the default case of the switch. This is a superset of what
the list matched, the untrusted PTR_TO_MEM does not have to carry
MEM_RDONLY for it anymore, and it stays in sync with the verifier side
which uses the same match in save_aux_ptr_type() and reg_type_mismatch_ok().
Assert that a fault prone type which does not get the rewrite for whatever
reason is rejected at load time rather than left to fault at runtime to
catch any future cases.
Fixes: 1b12171533a9 ("bpf: Mark direct ld of stashed bpf_{rb,list}_node as non-owning ref")
Fixes: 6fcd486b3a0a ("bpf: Refactor RCU enforcement in the verifier.")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260814215301.709827-4-daniel@iogearbox.net
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check_ptr_to_btf_access() allows the program to store before the default
BTF access path gets to reject a non read access. ac65c710cc64 ("bpf:
Reject writes through untrusted BTF pointers") closed that for a
PTR_UNTRUSTED pointer, but a bare PTR_TO_BTF_ID may fault on a dereference
just the same and is let through.
A BPF_LDX gets the BPF_PROBE_MEM rewrite in bpf_convert_ctx_accesses()
and a bad address is handled, but a BPF_STX does not and cannot, there
is no probed store to rewrite. The store is emitted as a plain one without
an exception table entry and a bad address panics the kernel.
A bpf_qdisc program can reach this, bpf_qdisc_btf_struct_access() permits a
write to Qdisc::limit and Qdisc::next_sched is a plain struct Qdisc pointer
which the walk turns into the compat type:
struct Qdisc *next = sch->next_sched;
next->limit = 1000;
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000014
RIP: 0010:bpf_prog_c6e14e7f32c8e325_bpf_fifo_enqueue+0x3a/0x12b
Code: [...] bf e8 03 00 00 <89> 7e 14 41 8b 7f 14 [...]
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
Fix by widen the check to bpf_may_fault_on_deref() so that it covers both.
Fixes: 27ae7997a661 ("bpf: Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260814215301.709827-3-daniel@iogearbox.net
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reg_type_mismatch_ok() enumerates the pointer types which must not
silently share a BPF_LDX with a different one, since the type recorded
for the insn drives a rewrite in bpf_convert_ctx_accesses().
f2362a57aeff ("bpf: allow void* cast using bpf_rdonly_cast()") added
PTR_TO_MEM | MEM_RDONLY | PTR_UNTRUSTED as another type in need of one,
namely the BPF_PROBE_MEM rewrite, but did not add it there. Fix it by
adding the missing case to reg_type_mismatch_ok(), so that a PTR_TO_MEM
which may fault on deref is not mismatch ok anymore. The triage in
save_aux_ptr_type() then merges them.
Fixes: f2362a57aeff ("bpf: allow void* cast using bpf_rdonly_cast()")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260814215301.709827-2-daniel@iogearbox.net
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When the same BPF_LDX instruction is reached through paths that yield
different pointer types, save_aux_ptr_type() merges them into a single
type which is later used by bpf_convert_ctx_accesses() to decide whether
the load has to be rewritten into a BPF_PROBE_MEM one.
Before f2362a57aeff ("bpf: allow void* cast using bpf_rdonly_cast()")
the merge only accepted two PTR_TO_BTF_ID pointers and unconditionally
fell back to PTR_TO_BTF_ID | PTR_UNTRUSTED, so the merged type was always
one that gets the BPF_PROBE_MEM rewrite. However, the mentioned commit
widened the merge to also cover a PTR_TO_MEM base and replaced the
fallback by a union of the PTR_UNTRUSTED and MEM_RDONLY flags.
A union of flags though cannot express the property the later rewrite
is built upon, some examples:
- PTR_TO_MEM merged with PTR_TO_BTF_ID | PTR_UNTRUSTED gets
PTR_TO_MEM | PTR_UNTRUSTED but only the MEM_RDONLY variant is valid
- PTR_TO_MEM merged with a plain PTR_TO_BTF_ID gets PTR_TO_MEM
dropping the rewrite the latter type would have gotten
- PTR_TO_MEM | MEM_RDONLY merged with a plain PTR_TO_BTF_ID gets
PTR_TO_MEM | MEM_RDONLY which is not rewritten either since only
its PTR_UNTRUSTED variant is
In all three cases a program can take the unsafe path at runtime with a
NULL or otherwise bad pointer and panic the kernel on the faulting load:
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000038
RIP: 0010:bpf_prog_77531a87032eeaf1_mixed_mem_btf_id_type+0x4b/0x65
Call Trace:
<TASK>
bpf_test_run+0x20b/0x460
bpf_prog_test_run_skb+0x650/0xbe0
__sys_bpf+0xb96/0x3140
__x64_sys_bpf+0x2c/0x40
do_syscall_64+0xba/0x590
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
Note that the last two shapes have to be fixed right here, otherwise
the merged type retains nothing which marks the load as fault prone,
thus no rule in bpf_convert_ctx_accesses() can recover it. Fix it by
normalizing the merged type instead.
Reuse it in is_load_acq_unsafe() to avoid open coding, and trim the
overly verbose comment which is more of an implementation detail of
bpf_convert_ctx_accesses() anyway.
Fixes: f2362a57aeff ("bpf: allow void* cast using bpf_rdonly_cast()")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260814215301.709827-1-daniel@iogearbox.net
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Atomic RMW verification records an instruction pointer type only when the
current destination is PTR_TO_ARENA. A second path can therefore reach the
same instruction with an ordinary pointer without comparing it against the
saved arena type.
The post-verification fixup uses the saved type to rewrite the instruction
to BPF_PROBE_ATOMIC for every path. Record the actual destination type for
all atomic RMW paths so the existing mismatch check rejects incompatible
uses of one instruction.
Fixes: d503a04f8bc0 ("bpf: Add support for certain atomics in bpf_arena to x86 JIT")
Signed-off-by: Yiyang Chen <chenyy23@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260816-bpf-next-038-mixed-atomic-v1-v2-1-4644c1886dbc@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler fix from Borislav Petkov:
- Make sure a delayed sched entity's runtime stats are updated at the
right time so that it receives the proper lag compensation
* tag 'sched_urgent_for_v7.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched: Update time before requeueing delayed entities
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull perf fixes from Borislav Petkov:
- Prevent the use of exited events as group leaders
- Avoid use-after-free of an event's group leader by promoting detached
sibling events to standalone entities and correct related accounting
and state transitions
* tag 'perf_urgent_for_v7.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
perf/core: Fix group leader use-after-free after sibling detach
perf: Reject exited events as group leaders
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dequeue_task_scx() masks SCX_DEQ_CORE_SCHED_EXEC out of the
SCX_DEQ_SCHED_CHANGE decision, but the test can never fire: the incoming
flags are an int of generic DEQUEUE_* bits while the flag is bit 32, and the
core-sched execute path never goes through class dequeue anyway -
set_next_task_scx() calls ops_dequeue() with the flag directly. The test was
live when the SCX_DEQ_SCHED_CHANGE computation sat in ops_dequeue() and
became dead when 03f5304aad0f ("sched_ext: Pass full dequeue flags to
ops.quiescent()") moved the computation here. Drop it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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With sub-schedulers, tasks of different schedulers routinely share rqs and
SMT siblings, but scx_prio_less() consults ops.core_sched_before() only when
both tasks belong to the same scheduler. Every pair spanning two schedulers
falls back to the default ordering, so no scheduler can express ordering
across a scheduler boundary, including a root over its sub-schedulers'
tasks.
Order a pair spanning schedulers by the nearest common ancestor that
implements ops.core_sched_before(): both tasks are in its subtree, making
this the one op where a scheduler is called on tasks it delegated to its
sub-schedulers and may not be scheduling anymore. Same-scheduler pairs keep
using the owning scheduler's op so a parent never orders inside a subtree it
delegated. The op is skipped when the deciding scheduler is bypassing on
either task's CPU.
Update scx_qmap to fall back to the kernel's default ordering when handed a
delegated task it has no task_ctx for.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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The default core-sched ordering runs the longest waiting task first by
comparing p->scx.core_sched_at stamps. The stamp is maintained under two
rules. touch_core_sched() stamps when a task starts waiting for a CPU and
when its slice runs out. If the scheduler implements
ops.core_sched_before(), touch_core_sched_dispatch() re-stamps on every
dispatch.
A comparison can see one stamp taken under each rule, which isn't a
meaningful ordering. The dispatch rule also buys little - it only aligns
bypass-mode comparisons with the local DSQ order. Multiple schedulers make
the mixed comparisons more common.
Wait time is what p->scx.runnable_at already tracks for the stall watchdog.
Delete core_sched_at with both touch functions and compare runnable_at in
the scx_prio_less() fallback.
runnable_at is refreshed only on enqueue and goes stale while a task keeps
occupying its CPU. Instead of re-stamping, order a running task after every
waiting task as it is the most recently serviced.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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scx_prio_less() implements prio_less() semantics - %true means that @a is
the lower priority and should run after @b. ops.core_sched_before() is
documented to return %true when @a should run before @b. scx_prio_less()
returns the op's value as-is, inverting the documented semantics at runtime.
Call the op with the arguments swapped.
scx_qmap followed the wiring instead of the documentation and returned %true
for the younger task, so the two inversions canceled out and it behaved as
intended. Flip its comparison to match. scx_qmap is likely the only current
user in or out of the kernel tree. Any scheduler written the same way needs
the same flip, while schedulers following the documentation are fixed by
this change.
Fixes: 7b0888b7cc19 ("sched_ext: Implement core-sched support")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v6.12+
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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The EOPNOTSUPP stubs for the sub-cap kfuncs live in ext.c under #ifndef
CONFIG_EXT_SUB_SCHED while the real definitions live in sub.c. Move the
stubs into sub.c so all sub kfunc definitions live in one file. Pure code
move, no functional change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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futex_hash_allocate() allocates mm->futex.phash.ref without any locking.
Commit d9b05321e21e ("futex: Move futex_hash_free() back to __mmput()")
moved the allocation here and assumed that the process has just a single
thread at this point.
Commit ee9dce44362b ("futex: Drop CLONE_THREAD requirement for private
default hash alloc") widened need_futex_hash_allocate_default() to cover
any CLONE_VM clone, but left out vfork because the parent is suspended and
cannot race.
That no longer holds once vfork is nested. If a vfork child calls vfork
again and is then killed with SIGKILL, the parent is released from its
vfork wait and runs concurrently with the grandchild in the same mm.
Neither of them went through futex_hash_allocate_default().
When both call prctl(PR_FUTEX_HASH, PR_FUTEX_HASH_SET_SLOTS) at the same
time, each one sees mm->futex.phash.ref as NULL and stores its own percpu
counter. Only the last store survives. The counter stored first is no
longer reachable from the mm, so the references on it are not seen by
__futex_ref_atomic_end(). A private hash that still has references is then
considered dead and freed, and a task that still holds one of its buckets
writes into freed memory in futex_q_lock().
Store the counter once with cmpxchg() and let the loser free_percpu() its
own. The initial reference has to be taken before the store, otherwise
another task can install a private hash while the counter is still 0.
Fixes: d9b05321e21e ("futex: Move futex_hash_free() back to __mmput()")
Signed-off-by: Hyunwoo Kim <imv4bel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/ansrpP4ImE1MaBY9@v4bel
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futex_exit_release() and futex_exec_release() are identical now. That means
also exit_mm_release() and exec_mm_release() are identical.
Consolidate the whole lot and remove the redundant copies.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kyle Zeng <kylebot@openai.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
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The check for private futexes whether the waiter's mm, which is stored in
the futex_key and copied into the pi_state, is the same as the owner's mm
is not sufficient for exec(). exec() has a gap where the mm check fails to
give the correct answer:
exec()
...
exec_release_mm()
futex_exec_release()
tsk::futex::exit_state = EXITING;
cleanup_robust_list();
1) tsk::futex::exit_state = OK;
...
old_mm = tsk::mm;
2) tsk::mm = ->mm;
Between #1 and #2 the check for the mm is wrong as that mm is about to be
swapped out and eventually freed.
Plug this gap by:
1) Setting tsk::futex::exit_state to FUTEX_STATE_DEAD in
futex_exec_release()
2) Setting tsk::futex::exit_state to FUTEX_STATE_OK after
the mm has been switched.
From a futex point of view the task is dead after it finished the robust
list cleanup up to the point where it sets the state to OK again.
Fixes: 80367ad01d93 ("futex: Add basic infrastructure for local task local hash")
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kyle Zeng <kylebot@openai.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
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Add BPF kfuncs that allow BPF LSM programs to create and use sockets for
sending data. This provides a mechanism for BPF programs to emit
telemetry. For this first patch set, it's restricted to SOCK_DGRAM
socket types with IPPROTO_UDP protocol but could be easily extended to
SOCK_STREAM and IPPROTO_TCP in the future.
The API consists of five kfuncs:
bpf_ksock_create() - Create a socket (sleepable)
bpf_ksock_connect() - Connect socket to remote address (sleepable)
bpf_ksock_send() - Send data through the socket (sleepable)
bpf_ksock_acquire() - Acquire a reference to a socket context
bpf_ksock_release() - Release a reference (cleanup via
queue_rcu_work since sock_release sleeps)
The setup kfuncs bpf_ksock_create, bpf_ksock_connect, can be called from
SYSCALL programs only. While bpf_ksock_acquire, bpf_ksock_release and
bpf_ksock_send can be called from SYSCALL and LSM programs.
The implementation follows the established kfunc lifecycle pattern
(create/acquire/release with refcounting, kptr map storage, dtor
registration). The kernel socket is wrapped in a refcounted bpf_ksock
struct. Cleanup is deferred via queue_rcu_work() because sock_release()
may sleep.
The kfuncs are only compiled when CONFIG_INET is enabled, as they
specifically support AF_INET and AF_INET6 sockets.
The socket operations go through the expected LSM hooks instead of
by-passing them like many kernel sockets since those are created by BPF
programs and thus system users. Thus, the bpf_ksock_send() kfunc, which
is exposed to LSM progs has a verifier filter protection to avoid
recursion so that the whole bpf_kfunc_set kfunc set cannot be called in
a program attached to security_socket_sendmsg(). Also, because of the
LSM checks, we prevent the use of the kfuncs from asynchronous workqueue
as the current value would then be invalid.
In bpf_ksock_create(), we copy the arg values to avoid TOCTOU races
since the kfunc can sleep and the arg values could be stored in a map
that could be re-written by BPF progs or even userspace programs if the
map is mmaped.
Signed-off-by: Mahe Tardy <mahe.tardy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Reviewed-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@fomichev.me>
Acked-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813110540.103550-3-mahe.tardy@gmail.com
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Augment selected helper and kfunc allowability failures with Policy reports.
These reports explain which requested operation is forbidden and why, without
adding path history for non-path-dependent policy checks.
Cover unprivileged bpf2bpf and kfunc use, helper program-type restrictions,
GPL-only helpers, helper-specific allow callbacks, kfunc allowability, and
destructive kfunc capability checks.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260815064612.378577-15-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
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Augment selected whole-program and subprogram CFG validation failures with
Program Structure reports. These errors are structural rather than
path-dependent, so the reports focus on source and instruction context
instead of causal history.
Cover direct and indirect jumps outside the program or current subprogram,
unprivileged backedges, missing and out-of-range jump tables, targets in the
second half of an ldimm64, unreachable instructions, subprogram fallthrough,
and recursive bpf2bpf call graph edges.
Format long jump-range reasons directly in diagnostics.c, and keep the
fallthrough suggestion aligned with the verifier check by suggesting exit or
explicit jumps.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260815064612.378577-14-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
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Augment selected sleepability and critical-section failures with Execution
Context Safety reports. Keep the existing verifier messages and add source
context, path history, and suggestions tied to the active context.
Use the context history recorded earlier to anchor causal paths to lock, IRQ,
RCU, and preempt regions instead of unrelated register updates.
Cover global calls while holding a lock, sleepable global function calls,
sleepable helpers, sleepable kfunc calls from disallowed contexts, operations
that exit while a context is still active, and unmatched context exits.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260815064612.378577-13-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
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Augment selected helper and kfunc argument-contract failures with Call Type
Safety reports. Keep the existing terse verifier messages and add reason,
source context, causal register or stack-argument history, and targeted
suggestions.
Cover helper register-type mismatch, helper and kfunc non-NULL pointer
requirements, release-helper ownership requirements, scalar and constant kfunc
arguments, trusted and RCU pointer contracts, kfunc memory arguments,
memory/length pairs, refcounted kptrs, constant strings, and IRQ flag stack
arguments.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260815064612.378577-12-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
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Augment selected Resource Lifetime Safety failures with structured diagnostics
while preserving the existing verifier messages.
Report unreleased references from check_reference_leak() using
reference-scoped diagnostic history, and add state reports for dynptr,
iterator, lock, and IRQ-flag lifetime misuse.
IRQ restore mismatch and out-of-order diagnostics use IRQ context-scoped
history when an IRQ-disabled region is active, so retained save/restore context
is still visible after per-state history removal.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260815064612.378577-11-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
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Augment selected memory-range verifier failures with Memory Safety reports
while preserving the existing terse verifier messages for compatibility.
Cover stack spill corruption, uninitialized stack reads, variable stack helper
accesses, and check_mem_region_access() range-proof failures. The bounds report
spells out the required offset + access_size <= object_size proof with concrete
values and uses scoped diagnostic history for causal context.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260815064612.378577-10-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
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Augment selected register-state verifier failures with Register Type Safety
reports. The existing verbose verifier messages remain in place; the new
reports add reason, source context, causal path, and suggestions.
Cover invalid pointer dereferences, unreadable registers, missing outgoing
stack arguments for bpf2bpf and kfunc calls, and rejected pointer arithmetic.
Use scoped diagnostic history so reports start from the latest relevant value
change and then show later branch outcomes.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260815064612.378577-9-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
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Record verifier context transitions in the diagnostic history so later reports
can anchor causal paths to the critical section that made an operation invalid.
This covers lock, IRQ, RCU, and preempt regions without adding any new
verifier error reports. Category-specific commits decide where those recorded
events should be rendered.
Use context depth when selecting scoped history so nested regions anchor at the
outer active region, and fall back to the earliest retained event when the
matching entry was pruned.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260815064612.378577-8-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
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